Vaccinia virus-based vector against infectious diseases and tumors

Figures & data

Table 1. Clinical trials of oncolytic viruses of different types

Application in cancers	Trial registration ID	NCT02759588	NCT03206073	NCT04282044	NCT04226066	NCT03256344	NCT04452591	NCT03896568	NCT02923466	NCT04043104	NCT00348842	NCT02068794
	Intervention: trial phase	GL-ONC1: Phase 1b & 2	Pexa-Vec: Phase I/II	vvDD:Phase 1	T601: Phase I/IIa	T-VEC:Phase 1b	CG0070:Phase 3	DNX-2401:Phase I	VSV-IFNβ-NIS: Phase 1	AAV2hAQP1: Phase 1/2	Pre-clinical	Phase I/II
	Construction strategy	Triple deletion of TK/VGF/F14.5	Deletion of TK and insertion of hGM-CSF	Dual deletion of TK and VGF	Dual deletion of TK/RR and insertion of FCU1	Dual deletion of ICP34.5/ICP47 and insertion of GM-CSF	Utilization of E2F-1 promoter to directselective expression of E1A and GM-CSFin RB-defective cells	Utilization of a RB binding-defective E1A and insertion of a peptide targeting cancer cell-expressing integrins	Insertion of interferon-beta (IFN-β) and the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) for possible combination with radiotherapy	Insertion of hAQP1 for correcting radiotherapy-associated salivary hypofunction	Undisclosed	Insertion of NIS for possible combination withradiotherapy
	Targeted cancer	Ovarian Cancer	Refractory Colorectal Cancer	Advanced Solid Tumors	Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors	Breast Cancer and Colorectal Cancer	Non-Muscular Invasive Bladder Cancer	Recurrent High-Grade Glioma	Refractory Solid Tumors	Head and Neck Cancer	Oesophago-gastric Cancer	Recurrent Ovarian Cancer
Oncolytic virus type		Vaccinia virus (VV)				Herpes Simplex Virus(HSV)	Adenovirus(A 4dV)		Vesicular Stomatitis Virus(VSV)	Adenovirus Associated Virus(AAV)	Newcastle disease virus(NDV)	Measles Virus(MV)

Table 2. Clinical trials of viral vaccine vectors of different types

Application in infectious diseases	Trial registration ID	NTR3401	NCT01635647	NCT01954563	NCT02218125	NCT04313127	NCT02548078	NCT02718469	NCT02861586
	Clinical trial stage	phase 1/2a	phase IIb	phase I	phase I	phase I	phase 2	phase I	phase 2
	Vector modification: immunogen: immunization strategy	Replacement of F6 region; a clade 1 HA gene; prime-boost	Replacement of TK region; synthetic ME-TRAP gene; prime-boost	Replacement of TK region; mycobacterial antigen 85A; prime-boost	Replacement of TK region; mosaic Gag, Pol and Env antigens; prime-boost	Replacement of E1 and E3 regions; full-length spike gene; single shot	NA; viral glycoprotein, prime and boost	N gene translocation and truncation of G -protein cytoplasmic tail; glycoprotein; prime-boost	NA; structural proteins C-E3-E2-6 K-E1; multiple intramuscular immunizations
	Targeted disease	Influenza A H5N1	Malaria	Tuberculosis	HIV	COVID-19	Ebola	Ebola	MV-CHIK
Vectored vaccine type		Vaccinia virus (VV)				Adenovirus (AdV)		Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV)	Measles Virus (MV)

Figure 1. The history and application of TTV. TTV was isolated from smallpox patients in 1926. TTV passed through three generations in monkeys, five generations in rabbits, three generations in cattle, one to two generations in rabbits and one to three generations in cattle, before becoming the recombinant TTV that is now widely used against many diseases and tumors

Figure 2. Construction of recombinant TTV. First, the original TTV infects cells and releases the virus genome; then, the plasmid carrying foreign genes will transfect cells and recombine with the TTV genome, producing the recombinant TTV