A systematic review of the burden of pertussis in South Korea

Figures & data

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram

^a12 articles in English and 7 articles in Korean language

Table 1. Proportion of cases with positive detection of pertussis (n = 19)

Author (year)	Time period	Type of study	Location	Age population	Health status	Study population	Method utilized	Lab confirmed	PCR	Culture	Seropositivity
Choe et al. (2012)^Citation23	2010–2011	National passive surveillance	Primary care clinics and hospitals	All ages	Clinically suspected case	124 suspected cases <3 months (n = 42) 3–5 months (n = 18) 6–11 months (n = 6) 1–4 y (n = 12) 5– 9 y (n = 7) 10–1 4 y (n = 3) >5 y (n = 36)	Culture and PCR	Overall (n = 95, 76.6%) <3 months (n = 31, 73.8%) 3–5 months (n = 15, 83.8%) 6–11 months (n = 5, 83.3%) 1–4 y (n = 10, 83.3%) 5–9 y (n = 5, 71.4%) 10–14 y (n = 2, 66.7%) >15 y (n = 27, 75%)
Choe et al. (2014)^Citation28	2001–2012; 2012 (Mar–Jul)	National passive + active sentinel surveillance in school during outbreak	Primary care clinics, hospitals and schools	All ages	Clinically suspected case	2001–2012: 416 suspected cases 2012: 496 suspected cases	PCR		13.0%
Choi et al. (2018)^Citation29	2011	Cross-sectional	A hospital	Adults	Healthy HCW	398 subjects	Serology				66.3% IgG <5 IU/mL 30.4% IgG 5–40 IU/mL 2.5% IgG 40–100 IU/mL 0.8% IgG >100 IU/mL Overall 33.7%
Han et al. (2014)^Citation30	2011 (Oct)–2013 (Apr)	Prospective observational	A hospital	Infants under 6 months	Hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infection	79 suspected patients	Culture and PCR	16.5%	16.5%	0.0%
Jang et al. (2017)^Citation25	2015 (Jun)–2016 (Mar)	Prospective observational	A hospital	Children and adolescents under the age of 18	Clinically suspected cases in inpatients and outpatients	50 suspected patients	Serology, culture and PCR		4.0%	0.0%	74.0%
Kim et al. (2014)^Citation20	2011–2012 (2009 follow-up study)	Laboratory					PCR
Kwon et al. (2012)^Citation31	2009–2011	Prospective observational	Multicenter	Children	Clinically suspected cases in inpatients and outpatients	65 infants (^a72 family members and care-givers)	Serology, Culture and PCR	32.3%/52.8%	32.3%/52.8%	13.8%/-	–/100.0% (31/31)
Lee et al. (2009)^Citation21	2008 (Mar)–2009 (Sep)	Retrospective observational	A hospital	Children and adolescents under the age of 18	Clinically suspected cases in inpatients and outpatients	118 pediatric	PCR	8.5%	8.5%
Lee et al. (2012)^Citation32	2007 (Jul)–2008 (Jul)	Prospective observational	Multicenter	All ages	Healthy children, adolescents and adults	≤10 y (n = 1,005) 11–20 y (n = 100) 21–30 y (n = 100) 31–40 y (n = 100) 41–50 y (n = 100) 51–60 y (n = 100) ≥61 y (n = 100)	Serology				68.2% (2 months–65 y) 76.5% (<11 y)
Lee et al. (2015)^Citation27	2009–2011 (Dec)	Prospective observational	Two hospitals	Adolescent (aged 11–20 y), adults (>20 y)	Patients with persistent cough of 1–8 weeks	310 Suspected cases	Serology, culture and PCR	24.5%	3.2%	1.0%	21.3%
Lee et al. (2014)^Citation22	2012 (Jun–Dec)	Retrospective observational	Two hospitals	Adolescent, adults	Healthy adolescents and adults	11–20 y (n = 198) 21–30 y (n = 211) 31–40y (n = 213) 41–50 y (n = 198) 51–60 y (n = 191) ≥61 y (n = 181)	Serology				Average: 41.4% >51 y: 46.5% <51 y: 39.1%
Park et al. (2012)^Citation33	2009 (Sep)–2011 (Apr)	Prospective observational	Primary care clinics and hospitals	Adults	Outpatients (≥18 y) with bothersome cough	^b607 suspected cases/934 total subjects	PCR	0.7%/0.5%
Park et al. (2014)^Citation26	2011 (Jul)–2012 (Jun)	Prospective observational	Primary care clinics and hospitals	Adolescent, adults	Clinically suspected cases in outpatients (≥11 y)	490 auspected cases	Culture and PCR	6.9%	6.9%	2.0%
Park et al. (2015)^Citation34	2013 (Mar–Jun; Oct–Nov)	Prospective observational	Primary care clinics and hospitals	Adults	Patients with acute bronchitis	435 acute bronchitis	PCR	0.7%	0.7%
Park et al. (2005)^Citation35	2002 (Sep)–2003 (May)	Prospective observational	Two hospitals	Adults	Patients with persistent cough of 1–12 weeks	102 suspected cases	Culture and PCR	2.9%	2.9%	0.0%
Ryu et al. (2018)^Citation36	2017 (Jun–Nov)	Outbreak investigation	An elementary school	Children	Clinically suspected cases	9 suspected cases	Culture and PCR	100.0%	88.9%	11.1%
Son et al. (2019)^Citation24	2013 (Jul)–2016 (Jun)	Prospective observational	Multinational	Children and adolescents	Children or adolescents who had not received pertussis vaccine within 1 y	139 subjects	Serology				10–11 y: 2.2% 12–18 y: 0.0%
Yoo et al. (2002)^Citation37	2000 (Mar)–2001	Prospective observational	A hospital	Children	Clinically suspected cases in hospitalized children	49 suspected cases	Culture and PCR	20.4%	20.4%	8.2%
Yook et al. (2018)^Citation38	2008 (Jan)–2017 (Sep)	Retrospective observational	A hospital	Children (cases <13 y)	Hospitalized patients with bacterial pneumonia	1,281 bacterial pneumonia	PCR		1.3%

^aOnly infants were included in the current publication analysis.

^bSuspected cases are subjects with bothersome cough.

IgG, immunoglobulin G; IU/ml, international units per milliliter; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; y, year(s).

Figure 2. Study characteristics. (a) Study period, (b) study setting, (c) study population, (d) baseline health status, and (e) diagnostic method

HCW, healthcare worker; m, months; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.^aThe total number of studies depicted in the figure is 24 as five studies reported information for more than one group.^22,24–27

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