Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on vaccination coverage among children aged 15 to 23 months at Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia, 2020

Figures & data

Table 1. Socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and index children aged 15–23 months, Dessie town, Ethiopia. (N = 610)

Variable					Frequency	Percent (%)
Sex of the child
	Male				300	49.2
	Female				310	50.8
Age of the child
	15 to 17 month				257	42.1
	18 to 20 month				193	31.6
	21 to 23 month				160	26.2
Birth order
	First child				274	44.9
	Second child				195	32.0
	Third and above				141	23.1
Main caregiver of the child
	Mother				165	27.0
	Father				34	5.6
	Both				401	65.7
	Apart from the parents				10	1.6
Age of mother/caregiver
	15 to 25 year				185	30.3
	26 to 35 year				388	63.6
	above 36 year				37	6.1
Education of mother/caregiver
	Can’t read and write				11	1.8
	can write and read				15	2.5
	Grade 1 to 8				178	29.2
	Grade 9 to 12				260	42.6
	College/university and above				146	23.9
Religion
	Orthodox				257	42.1
	Muslim				338	55.4
	Others				15	2.5
Marital status
	Married				531	87.0
	Single				42	6.9
	Widowed				19	3.1
	Divorced				18	3.0
Occupation
	Housewife				399	65.4
	Government worker				123	20.2
	Others				88	14.4

Table 2. Availability and accessibility of vaccination service in Dessie town, Ethiopia, 2020

Variable			Frequency	Percent (%)
Type of health institution near to home
	Hospital		129	21.2
	Health center		352	57.9
	Health post		6	1.0
	Private clinic		123	19.9
Time taken to reach the nearest health institution
	less than 30 minute		471	77.2
	30 minute and above		139	22.8
Transportation system to health institution
	By foot		364	59.9
	By car		244	40.1

Table 3. Vaccination coverage by card and card plus mother/caregiver recall, at Dessie town, Ethiopia, 2020. (N = 610)

Vaccination coverage by card only			Vaccination coverage by card plus recall
Vaccine	Frequency	Percent (%)	Vaccine	Dose	Frequency (%)
BCG	423	69.3	BCG	1 d0se	556(91.1)
POLIO 1	426	69.8	POLIO	3 dose	473(77.5)
POLIO 2	425	69.7		Less than 3	137(22.5)
POLIO 3	424	69.5	PENTA	3 dose	521(85.4)
PENTA 1	425	69.7		Less than 3	89(14.6)
PENTA 2	425	69.7	PCV	3 dose	513(84.1)
PENTA 3	424	69.5		Less than 3	97(15.9)
PCV 1	425	69.7	ROTA	2 dose	518(84.9)
PCV 2	426	69.8		Less than 2 dose	92(15.1)
PCV 3	424	69.5	MEASLE	2 dose	477(78.2)
ROTA 1	425	69.7		Less than 2 dose	133(21.8)
ROTA 2	422	69.2	Fully vaccinated	350	57.4
MEASLE 1	400	65.6	Not fully vaccinated	260	42.6
MEASLE 2	337	55.2
Fully vaccinated	333	54.6
Not fully vaccinated	93	15.3

Table 4. Mothers’/caregivers’ of children aged 15–23 months reasons for not or incomplete vaccination, Dessie town, Ethiopia, 2020

Reason of no or partially vaccination	Number	Percent (%)
un aware about the need for vaccination	49	17.9%
Unaware about the need for returning for 2/3^rd appointment	43	15.7%
Unaware about vaccination date and place	16	5.8%
Postpone the vaccination date to other time	20	7.3%
Uncomfortable with vaccination date	26	9.5%
Mother have no enough time	44	16.1%
Fear of contracting COVID-19	31	11.3%

Table 5. Number of children aged 15 to 23 months old vaccinated by card before the COVID-19 outbreak, and during the COVID-19 outbreak, in Dessie town, Ethiopia, 2020

Age	Item	Before COVID-19 (before March 11, 2020)	During COVID-19 March 12, 2020 to August 7,2020)
Greater than 15 month	Date of birth	August 7, 2018 to Dec.19, 2019.	Dec.20, 2019 to April 7,2019
	Number of children vaccinated	126(44.2%)	178(40%)
	No children investigated	159(55.8%)	267(60%)
	Vaccination coverage rate at 95% CI	79.2(72.7, 85.7)	66.7(61,72.4)
	Changes(During -before COVID-19),95% CI	−12.5(−27.1, 2.1)

Table 6. Mothers’ knowledge about vaccination for children at Dessie town, Ethiopia, 2020

Variable		Frequency	Percent
Heard about the side effect of vaccine	Yes	229	37.5
	No	381	62.5
Heard about the measures taken for vaccine side effects	Yes	262	43.0
	No	348	57.0
Knows the benefit of vaccine	Yes	382	62.6
	No	228	37.4
Hears about vaccine campaign	Yes	427	70.0
	No	183	30.0
Know place where regular vaccination given	Yes	308	50.5
	No	302	49.5
Knows appointment time for vaccination	Yes	177	71.0
	No	433	29.0
Know child age eligible for vaccination	Yes	232	38.0
	No	378	62.0
Knows child age to start vaccination	Yes	584	95.7
	No	26	4.3
Know the frequency to health institution to complete child vaccination	Yes	495	81.1
	No	115	18.9
Knows that vaccine prevents VPDS	Yes	598	98.0
	No	12	2.0

Figure 1. Mothers’ source of information about vaccination

Table 7. Knowledge of the respondent about COVID-19, Dessie, Ethiopia, 2020

Variable	Yes (%)	No (%)	No opinion (%)
Hear about COVID-19 Pandemic	609 (99.8)	1
COVID-19 is contagious	575 (94.3)	34 (5.6)	1
COVID-19 have treatment	162 (26.6)	423 (69.3)	25 (4.1)
Fever is the symptom of COVID-19	537 (88.0)	68 (11.1)	5
Cough is the symptom of COVID-19	548 (89.8)	61^Citation10	1
Sore throat is the symptom of COVID-19	476 (78.0)	119 (19.5)	15
Headache is the symptom of COVID-19	513(84.1)	89 (14.6)	8
Washing hand with water and soap can eliminate the causative agent	423 (69.3)	171 (28.0)	16
It can be transmitted by coughing	534 (87.5)	71(11.6)	5
transmitted through contact with contaminated surface	516 (84.6)	80 (13.1)	14
transmitted through eat meat	449 (73.6)	123 (20.2)	38 (6.2)
transmitted through contact with infected person	526 (86.2)	77(12.6)	7
Health education is useful	487 (79.8)	111(18.2)	12
COVID-19 can result in death	265(43.4)	331(54.3)	14
Movement should be limited	436 (71.5)	148 (24.3)	26(4.3)
Market should be closed	413 (67.7)	177 (29.0)	20
School should be closed	487 (79.8)	109 (17.9)	14
Suspected cases should be quarantine	555 (90.9)	43 (7.1)	12
Confirmed cases should be admitted to isolation center	571 (93.6)	28(4.6)	11

Table 8. Socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and children associated with full vaccination status of children aged 15–23 months, in Dessie, Ethiopia. (N = 610)

Variable				Child Fully vaccinated, N (%)		Odds ratio, at 95% CI
				No (%)	Yes (%)	Crude OR	P-value	Adjusted OR	P-value
Main caregiver of the child
	Mother			71 (11.6)	94 (15.4)	1
	Father			23 (3.8)	11(1.8)	0.361(0.165 − 0.789)	0.011	0.382(0.170–0.861)*	0.02
	Both			163(26.7)	238(39.0)	1.103(0.764 1.592)	0.601	1.311(0.878–1.959)	0.186
	Apart from parents			3(0.5)	7(1.2)	1.76(0.440–7.056)	0.423	2.473(0.554–11.035)	0.235
Educational status of mother/caregiver
	Can’t read and write			8(1.3)	3 (0.5)	1
	Can read and write			4(0.6)	11(1.8)	7.333(1.272–42.29)	0.026*	7.822(1.243–49.225)*	0.028
	Grade 1 to 8			60(9.8)	118(19.3)	5.244(1.342–20.49)	0.017*	5.297(1.263–22.22)*	0.023
	Grade 9 to 12			127(20.8)	133(21.8)	2.793(.725 − 10.76)	0.136	2.707(0.651–11.254)	0.171
	College and above			61^Citation10	85(13.9)	3.716(.947 − 14.58)	0.060	3.912(0.922–16.604)	0. 064
Marital status of mother/caregiver
	Married			228 (37.4)	307(50.3)	1
	Single			7 (2.8)	25(4.1)	1.092(0.576 − 2.070)	0.787	1.079(0.553–2.106)	0.823
	Widowed			5 (0.8)	14(2.3)	2.079(0.738–5.856)	0.166	2.428(0.836–7.055)	0.103
	Divorced			10(1.7)	4(0.6)	0.297(0.092–0.959)	0.042*	0.253(0.065–0.981)*	0.047
Time to reach the nearest health institution
	Less than 29 minute			212(34.8)	259(42.5)	1
	Greater than 30 minute			48(7.9)	91(14.9)	1.552(1.047–2.301)	0.029	1.619(1.065–2.461)*	0.024

Key: CI: confidence interval, *: statistically significant at p < 0.05 at 95% CI, 1: reference group.

Table 9. Association between mothers’ knowledge on vaccination related issues and COVID-19 in relation to complete vaccination coverage among children aged 15–23 months, Dessie Ethiopia, 2020

			Fully vaccinated			Odds ratio,95% CI
Variable			No (%)		YES (%)	Crude	P value	Adjusted	P value
Knows the benefits of vaccination
	Yes			146(23.9)	236(38.7)	1		1
	No			114(18.7)	114(18.7)	0.619(0.444–0.862)	0.005	0.693(0.483–0.996)*	0.047
Knows child age eligible for vaccination
	Yes			85(13.9)	147(24.1)	1		1
	No			175(28.7)	203(33.3)	0.671(0.480–0.938)	0.019	0.828(0.520–1.319)	0.428
Knows place for regular vaccination
	Yes			118(19.3)	190(31.2)	1		1
	No			142(23.3)	160(26.2)	0.7(0.507–0.966)	0.03	0.984(0.644–1.503)	0.939
Knows the appointment times for vaccination
	Yes			61^Citation10	116(19.0)	1		1
	No			199(32.6)	234(38.4)	0.618(0.430–0.889)	0.09	0.778(0.498–1.216)	0.271
Knows about campaign
	Yes			162(26.6)	265(43.4)	1		1
	No			98(16.1)	85(13.9)	0.530(0.374–0.753)	0.000	0.564(0.3940.806)*	0.02
Knowledge level on COVID 19
	Poor			85(13.9)	83(13.6)	1		1
	Good			175(18.7)	267(43.8)	1.562(1.093–2.234)	0.014	1.447(1.000–2.093)*	0.05

Key: CI: confidence interval, *: statistically significant at p < 0.05 at 95% CI, 1: reference group,

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