Factors associated with the willingness and acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine from adult subjects in China

Figures & data

Table 1. The differences in the willingness and acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine inoculation stratified by sociodemographic and health related characteristics

	Overall	Willingness			Acceptance
Characteristics	N (%)	Yes	No	p-value	Median (IQR)	p-value
Gender				.777		0.003
Male	458 (46.6)	374 (81.7)	84 (18.3)		19.00 (16.00–21.00)
Female	525 (53.4)	425 (81.0)	100 (19.0)		20.00 (18.00–21.00)
Age group (years)				.653		<0.001
18~30	755 (76.8)	616 (81.6)	139 (18.4)		19.00 (17.00–21.00)
>30	228 (23.2)	183 (80.3)	45 (19.7)		21.00 (19.00–22.00)
Residence				.276		<0.001
Jiangsu	509 (51.8)	420 (82.5)	89 (17.5)		20.00 (18.00–21.00)
Henan	294 (29.9)	230 (78.2)	64 (21.8)		18.00 (16.00–20.00)
Others	180 (18.3)	149 (82.8)	31 (17.2)		20.00 (17.00–22.00)
Education level				0.004		0.003
Below bachelor degree	115 (11.7)	82 (71.3)	33 (28.7)		18.00 (16.00–20.00)
Bachelor degree or above	868 (88.3)	717 (82.6)	151 (17.4)		19.00 (17.00–21.00)
Occupation				.474		<0.001
Student	684 (69.6)	560 (81.9)	124 (18.1)		19.00 (17.00–21.00)
Others	299 (30.4)	239 (79.9)	60 (20.1)		20.00 (18.00–22.00)
Medical staff or not				.840		<0.001
Yes	166 (16.9)	134 (80.7)	32 (19.3)		20.00 (18.00–22.00)
No	817 (83.1)	665 (81.4)	152 (18.6)		19.00 (17.00–21.00)
Myself, friends or family had been diagnosed with COVID-19				0.236		0.806
Yes	5 (0.5)	3 (60.0)	2 (40.0)		18.00 (15.00–23.50)
No	978 (99.5)	796 (81.4)	182 (18.6)		19.00 (17.00–21.00)
Willingness of novel coronavirus vaccine inoculation						<0.001
Yes	799 (81.3)	799 (100)	0		20.00 (18.00–22.00)
No	184 (18.7)	0	184 (100)		17.00 (15.00–19.00)
From high risk areas or not				.575		0.706
Yes	31 (3.2)	24 (77.4)	7 (22.6)		19.00 (16.00–21.00)
No	952 (96.8)	775 (81.4)	177 (18.6)		19.00 (17.00–21.00)
With any chronic diseases or not				.642		0.004
Yes	57 (5.8)	45 (78.9)	12 (21.1)		21.00 (18.00–22.00)
No	926 (94.2)	754 (81.4)	172 (18.6)		19.00 (17.00–21.00)

P < 0.05 was considered to indicate significance.

Table 2. Respondents’ general knowledge and perceptions of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine

Question	Response	Frequency (N)	Percentage (%)
Perceived risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2	Very unlikely	119	12.1
	Unlikely	350	35.6
	Likely	495	50.4
	Very likely	19	1.9
Perceived severity of effect of COVID-19 pandemic to own life	Not serious	54	5.5
	Little serious	407	41.4
	Serious	408	41.5
	Very serious	114	11.6
Can the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine cause SARS-CoV-2 infection?	Yes	127	12.9
	No	856	87.1
Do you think: Is the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine safe and effective in preventing COVID-19?	Yes	796	81.0
	No	187	19.0
Should pregnant women receive the COVID vaccine?	Yes	404	41.1
	No	579	58.9
Can pregnant women spread SARS-CoV-2 to their fetuses or newborns?	Yes	742	75.5
	No	241	24.5
How contagious is SARS-CoV-2?	Minimally	36	3.7
	Somewhat	218	22.2
	Very	729	74.1

Figure 1. Reasons and sources of knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 vaccine inoculation. The reasons why the participants were willing (a) or unwilling (b) to receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and the corresponding numbers, as well as the numbers of participants who obtained vaccine knowledge from different sources (c)

Table 3. Binary logistic regression analysis for factors associated with the willingness and acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine inoculation

Characteristics	Willingness				Acceptance^a
	Unadjusted		Adjusted		Unadjusted		Adjusted
	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Gender
Male (ref.)
Female	1.05 (0.76,1.45)	.777	1.08 (0.76,1.55)	.660	0.77 (0.60,0.99)	.045	0.93 (0.70,1.23)	.590
Age group (years)
18 ~ 30 (ref.)
>30	1.09 (0.75,1.59)	.653	0.95 (0.46,1.93)	.879	0.38 (0.28,0.52)	<.001	0.38 (0.21,0.69)	.001
Residence
Jiangsu (ref.)
Henan	1.31 (0.92,1.88)	.137	1.22 (0.81,1.83)	.334	2.31 (1.71,3.12)	<.001	2.49 (1.77,3.51)	<.001
Others	0.98 (0.63,1.54)	.936	0.91 (0.54,1.51)	.706	0.76 (0.54,1.07)	.115	1.11 (0.74,1.66)	.616
Education level
Below bachelor degree (ref.)
Bachelor degree or above	0.52 (0.34,0.81)	.004	0.56 (0.34,0.91)	.020	0.69 (0.46,1.02)	.063	0.91 (0.58,1.42)	.668
Occupation
Student (ref.)
Others	1.13 (0.80,1.60)	.474	1.21 (0.63,2.33)	.575	0.45 (0.34,0.60)	<.001	0.87 (0.51,1.49)	.616
Medical staff or not
Yes (ref.)
No	0.96 (0.63,1.46)	.840	0.67 (0.42,1.06)	.089	1.62 (1.15,2.26)	.005	1.27 (0.87,1.85)	.217
Myself, friends or family had been diagnosed with COVID-19
Yes (ref.)
No	0.34 (0.06,2.07)	.243	0.87 (0.10,7.31)	.896	0.74 (0.12,4.46)	.744	2.51 (0.35,18.05)	.360
Willingness of novel coronavirus vaccine inoculation
Yes (ref.)
No					4.41 (3.01,6.47)	<.001	3.86 (2.54,5.87)	<.001
From high risk areas or not
Yes (ref.)
No	0.78 (0.33,1.85)	.576	0.95 (0.38,2.37)	.907	0.92 (0.45,1.88)	.808	1.20 (0.53,2.72)	0.655
With any chronic diseases or not
Yes (ref.)
No	0.86 (0.44,1.65)	.642	0.95 (0.46,1.96)	.886	2.34 (1.33,4.12)	.003	2.25 (1.19,4.24)	.013
Do you think: Can the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine cause SARS-CoV-2 infection?
Yes (ref.)
No	0.40 (0.27,0.61)	<.001	0.50 (0.32,0.79)	.003	0.43 (0.29,0.64)	<.001	0.52 (0.34,0.81)	.004
Do you think: Is the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine safe and effective in preventing COVID-19
Yes (ref.)
No	5.68 (3.98,8.11)	<.001	5.44 (3.77,7.87)	<.001	2.89 (2.04,4.10)	<.001	1.94 (1.31,2.88)	.001

OR, odds ratio, CI, confidence interval.

P < .05 was considered to indicate significance.

^aTotal score ranged from 5 to 25. A score of ≤19 was set for poor acceptance and >19 for good acceptance of novel coronavirus vaccine inoculation.

Table 4. The sources of knowledge about vaccine analyzed via sociodemographic characteristics

	Sources of knowledge about vaccine
	Internet (reliable website)		Visits to healthcare providers (doctors, pharmacists)		Family members		Friends		Media (TV, radio, newspapers and magazines)		Vaccine companies and industries		Alternative healthcare providers such as acupuncturists
Characteristics	N (%)	p-value	N (%)	p-value	N (%)	p-value	N (%)	p-value	N (%)	p-value	N (%)	p-value	N (%)	p-value
Gender		.076		.605		.046		.490		.002		.296		.694
Male	396 (86.5)		221 (48.3)		102 (22.3)		142 (27.0)		306 (66.8)		53 (11.6)		16 (3.5)
Female	473 (90.1)		262 (49.9)		146 (27.8)		66 (26.6)		397 (75.6)		50 (9.5)		16 (3.0)
Age group (years)		.043		.172		<.001		.098		.237		.826		.145
18~30	676 (89.5)		380 (50.3)		220 (29.1)		207 (27.4)		547 (72.5)		80 (10.6)		28 (3.7)
>30	193 (84.6)		103 (45.2)		28 (12.3)		50 (21.9)		156 (68.4)		23 (10.1)		4 (1.8)
Education level		.007		.922		.023		.508		.785		.339		.069
Below bachelor degree	93 (80.9)		57 (49.6)		39 (33.9)		33 (28.7)		81 (70.4)		15 (13.0)		7 (6.1)
Bachelor degree or above	776 (89.4)		426 (49.1)		209 (24.1)		224 (25.8)		622 (71.7)		88 (10.1)		25 (2.9)
Occupation		.349		.098		<.001		.510		.898		.598		.064
Student	609 (89.0)		348 (50.9)		202 (29.5)		183 (26.8)		490 (71.6)		74 (10.8)		27 (3.9)
Others	260 (87.0)		135 (45.2)		46 (15.4)		74 (24.7)		213 (71.2)		29 (9.7)		5 (1.7)
Medical staff or not		.096		<.001		.339		.485		.236		.008		.501
Yes	153 (92.2)		103 (62.0)		37 (22.3)		47 (28.3)		125 (75.3)		27 (16.3)		4 (2.4)
No	716 (87.6)		380 (46.5)		211 (25.8)		210 (25.7)		578 (70.7)		76 (9.3)		28 (3.4)