Trends in the rates of health-care providers’ recommendation for HPV vaccine from 2012 to 2018: a multi-round cross-sectional analysis of the health information national trends survey

Figures & data

Table 1. Trends analysis of the prevalence of provider recommendation of HPV vaccine, by sex, race/ethnicity and residence, health information national trends survey (HINTS), 2012–2018

Characteristics	Population
	Overall		Individuals ages 18–27 y		Individuals aged ˃27 y
	AAPC (%)	p-value	AAPC (%)	p-value	AAPC (%)	p-value
Total	−4.2	.10	−21.6	<.001	0.5	.90
Sex
Male	−0.2	.99	−11.4	.40	0.8	.70
Female	−6.8	.20	−25.2	.10	−0.9	.80
Race/Ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	−7.2	.10	−30.2	<.001	0.9	.90
Black, non-Hispanic	16.4	<.001	24.5	.20	13.9	<.001
Hispanic	−6.6	.30	−9.1	.70	−7.0	.20
Asian	−12.5	.80	−45.4	.40	−4.7	.90
Others	−9.4	.70	-	-	−17.7	.40
Residence
Urban	−4.9	.20	−21.4	<.001	−0.6	.90
Rural	−0.1	.99	−21.1	.20	6.5	.20

AAPC: Average annual percent change (%). A positive AAPC indicates an increasing trend, while a negative AAPC indicates a decreasing trend.

The trends are significant when the AAPC is significantly different from 0, i.e. when the p-value is <.05.

Figure 1. Prevalence of provider recommendation of HPV vaccine in the US adult population, by age, health information national trends survey (HINTS), 2012–2018

Figure 2. Prevalence of provider recommendation of HPV vaccine in the US adult population, by sex, health information national trends survey (HINTS), 2012–2018

Figure 3. Prevalence of provider recommendation of HPV vaccine in the US adult population, by race/ethnicity, health information national trends survey (HINTS), 2012–2018

Figure 4. Prevalence of provider recommendation of HPV vaccine in the US adult population, by place of residence, health information national trends survey (HINTS), 2012–2018

Table 2. Factors associated with provider recommendation of HPV vaccine among US adults who are either vaccine-eligible or are living with vaccine-eligible individuals, HINTS 2012–2018

	In the last 12 months, has a doctor or health care professional recommended that you or someone in your immediate family get an HPV shot or vaccine? (Reference = no)
	(HINTS) 4, cycle 2, 2012		(HINTS) 4, cycle 4, 2014		(HINTS) 5, cycle 1, 2017		(HINTS) 5, cycle 2, 2018
Characteristics	Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)	p-value
Age groups
>27	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
18–27	1.26 (0.76–2.08)	.371	0.52 (0.26–1.04)	.064	0.58 (0.29–1.16)	.118	0.49 (0.26–0.92)	.027
Sex
Male	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Female	2.38 (1.55–3.67)	<.001	1.81 (1.15–2.84)	.012	1.74 (1.08–2.80)	.029	1.80 (1.16–2.79)	.009
Ethnicity/Race
White, non-Hispanic	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Black, non-Hispanic	0.58 (0.34–0.97)	.040	1.11 (0.50–2.47)	.792	1.10 (0.60–2.03)	.756	1.59 (0.79–3.20)	.189
Hispanic	1.02 (0.64–1.65)	.921	0.62 (0.39–0.99)	.047	1.06 (0.60–1.88)	.829	0.86 (0.52–1.43)	.552
Asian	0.60 (0.19–1.87)	.367	1.09 (0.27–4.40)	.900	1.28 (0.52–3.13)	.580	0.24 (0.05–1.31)	.976
Others	1.24 (0.29–5.38)	.769	0.79 (0.30–2.08)	.620	0.25 (0.07–0.89)	.032	1.70 (0.69–4.14)	.241
Residence
Urban	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Rural	0.72 (0.35–1.47)	.356	0.65 (0.29–1.44)	.282	0.84 (0.40–1.76)	.632	0.85 (0.46–1.56)	.582
Most recent routine checkup
Not Within the last 12 months	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Within the last 12 months	2.07 (1.28–3.34)	.004	1.14 (0.63–2.05)	.664	1.12 (0.74–1.69)	.578	0.99 (0.61–1.61)	.964
Health Insurance
Yes	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
No	1.10 (0.62–1.95)	.740	1.35 (0.63–2.88)	.423	1.37 (0.50–3.71)	.533	1.04 (0.46–2.37)	.926

HPV = Human Papillomavirus; 95%CI: 95% confidence intervals.