Vaccination information fathers receive during pregnancy and determinants of infant vaccination timeliness

Figures & data

Figure 1. Study recruitment, antenatal interview, and the father’s receipt of encouraging and/or discouraging information about infant vaccination during the current pregnancy.

Figure 2. Questions asked of fathers at the antenatal interview regarding whether they had received information encouraging and/or discouraging them to vaccinate their expected child and the sources of this information. Fathers were interviewed independently of pregnant women.

Figure 3. Sources of information that encouraged and/or discouraged fathers from vaccinating their infant.

Table 1. Fathers’ sources of antenatal information encouraging or discouraging infant vaccination (n = 4017)

		Type of information received antenatally about infant vaccinations
Source of Vaccination information	N (column %)	Encouraging information only n = 915 n (row %)	Conflicting Information* n=293 n (row %)	Discouraging information only n=222 n (row %)	P-value^†
Family/Friends	627				<0.001
Family only	236(38)	168(71)	45(19)	23(10)
Friends only	201(32)	79(39)	59(29)	63(31)
Family and friends	190(30)	89(47)	82(43)	19(10)
Healthcare providers	911				<0.001
Family doctor (General practitioner) only	186(20)	146(78)	33(18)	<10
Midwife only	287(32)	224(78)	51(18)	12(4)
Obstetrician only	19(2)	12(63)	<10	0(0)
Dietician/nutritionist only	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)
Complimentary healthcare practitioner only	14(2)	<10	<10	<10
Antenatal class only	110(12)	70(64)	34(31)	<10
Two-or-more healthcare sources	295(32)	211(72)	82(28)	<10
Media	653				0.003
The internet only	48(7)	21(44)	15(31)	12(25)
Radio only	37(6)	19(51)	<10	10(27)
Television only	191(29)	101(53)	46(24)	44(23)
Books, magazines, newspaper only	119(18)	73(61)	29(24)	17(14)
Two-or-more media sources	258(40)	113(44)	102(40)	43(17)
Other	79(100)	40(51)	27(34)	12(15)	N/A

*Both encouraging and discouraging information.

†P-value derived from Chi square test or Fisher’s exact test.

Table 2. Association of father and household characteristics with antenatal receipt of information about infant vaccination (n = 4017)

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; remaining findings were not statistically significant.

^†Other includes Middle Eastern, Latin American, and African.

^‡Area-level socioeconomic deprivation was measured using the NZ Index of Deprivation, Dep 1 to 2 = least deprived, Dep 9 to 10 = most deprived households.²⁷

^§Whether each father was decided about the vaccination of his expected child.⁷

Table 3. Associations of father and household characteristics with infant vaccination timeliness when father received vaccination information from any source

(n = 4017)

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; remaining findings were not statistically significant.

^†Multivariable analysis adjusted for father ethnicity and education; household structure and deprivation; whether each father, when interviewed, was decided about

their vaccination intentions for their child; and whether the child’s mother received information about vaccination.

^‡Both encouraging and discouraging information.

^§Area-level socioeconomic deprivation was measured using the NZ Index of Deprivation, Dep 1 to 2 = least deprived, Dep 9 to 10 = most deprived households.²⁷

^‖Whether each father was decided about the vaccination of his expected child.⁷

CI – confidence interval.

Table 4. Associations of father and household characteristics with infant vaccination timeliness when father received vaccination information from family/friends

(n = 4017)

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; remaining findings were not statistically significant.

^†Multivariable analysis adjusted for father ethnicity and education; household structure and deprivation; whether each father, when interviewed, was decided about

their vaccination intentions for their child; and whether the child’s mother received information about vaccination.

^‡Both encouraging and discouraging information.

^§Area-level socioeconomic deprivation was measured using the NZ Index of Deprivation, Dep 1 to 2 = least deprived, Dep 9 to 10 = most deprived households.²⁷

^‖Whether each father was decided about the vaccination of his expected child.⁷

CI – confidence interval.

Table 5. Associations of father and household characteristics with infant vaccination timeliness when father received vaccination information from healthcare

(n = 4017)

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; remaining findings were not statistically significant.

^†Multivariable analysis adjusted for father ethnicity and education; household structure and deprivation; whether each father, when interviewed, was decided about

their vaccination intentions for their child; and whether the child’s mother received information about vaccination.

^‡Both encouraging and discouraging information.

^§Area-level socioeconomic deprivation was measured using the NZ Index of Deprivation, Dep 1 to 2 = least deprived, Dep 9 to 10 = most deprived households.²⁷

^‖Whether each father was decided about the vaccination of his expected child.⁷

CI – confidence interval.

Table 6. Associations of father and household characteristics with infant vaccination timeliness when father received vaccination information from media (n = 4017)

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; remaining findings were not statistically significant.

^†Multivariable analysis adjusted for father ethnicity and education; household structure and deprivation; whether each father, when interviewed, was decided about

their vaccination intentions for their child; and whether the child’s mother received information about vaccination.

^‡Both encouraging and discouraging information.

^§Area-level socioeconomic deprivation was measured using the NZ Index of Deprivation, Dep 1 to 2 = least deprived, Dep 9 to 10 = most deprived households.²⁷

^‖Whether each father was decided about the vaccination of his expected child.⁷

CI – confidence interval.

Salmond C, Crampton P, Atkinson J. NZDep2006 index of deprivation. Wellington (NZ): Department of Public Health, University of Otago; 2007.

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Grant CC, Chen M-H, Bandara DK, Marks EJ, Gilchrist CA, Lewycka S, Carr PEA, Robinson EM, Pryor JE, Camargo CA, et al. Antenatal immunisation intentions of expectant parents: relationship to immunisation timeliness during infancy. Vaccine. 2016;34(11):1379–88. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.048.

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