Landscape and progress of global COVID-19 vaccine development

Figures & data

Figure 1. Sponsorship of Covid-19 vaccine clinical trials worldwide (n = 442)

Table 1. Distribution of COVID-19 vaccine trials and products by continent

Continent	Trial		Product		Incidence cases caused by Covid-19, million	Death cases caused by Covid-19, thousand
	N	%	N	%
Asia	162	38%	82	44%	50	661
Europe	103	24%	53	29%	46	1063
North America	87	20%	58	31%	39	869
South America	33	8%	23	12%	28	756
Africa	24	6%	15	8%	4.8	129
Oceania	13	3%	13	7%	<0.1	1

All related data has updated to May 26, 2021.

Figure 2. Pipeline of trials on Covid-19 vaccine candidates worldwide (n = 418)

Footnote: Among the 417 Covid-19 vaccine trials, technology platform for 396 trials was clarified. The above figure displayed the technology platform combined with its clinical progress. Abbreviation: Protein subunit (PS); Viral vector non-replicating (VVNR); Inactivated virus (IV); Virus-like particle (VLP); Viral vector replicating (VVR); Viral vector replicating combined with antigen presenting cell (VVR+APC); Live attenuated virus (LAV); Dendritic cell (DCV), T cell-based (TCV).

Table 2. Overview of authorized COVID-19 vaccines worldwide

Vaccine	Sponsor	Vaccine type	Administration		Approval information			Efficacy evidence
			Storage	Dosage	Date	Age range	Approval countries	Confirmatory evidence	Sample size	Efficacy
Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo	Gamaleya Research Institute	VVNR	stable at 2–8°C	2 doses, 0/21d	2020/8/10	Unclarified	68	Yes	21,977	92%
BBIBP-CorV*	Sinopharm	IV	stable at 2–8°C	2 doses, 0/21d	2020/8/12	Unclarified	41	Yes	25,463	78.1%
EpiVacCorona	Federal Budgetary Research Institution	PS	Unclarified	2 doses, 0/21-28d	2020/10/13	≥18 y old	2	Unreported	/	/
BNT162b2	Pfizer/BioNtech/ Fosun Pharma	RNA	Stable at −80 ~ −60°C; 2 ~ 8°C for 1 month	2 doses, 0/21d	2020/11/20	≥16 y old	84	Yes	43,548	95%
mRNA-1273	Moderna/NIAID	RNA	Stable at −50 ~ −15°C; 2 ~ 8°C for 30 d; 8 ~ 25°C for 24 hours	2 doses, 0/28d	2020/12/18	≥18 y old	46	Yes	30,420	94%
AZD-1222	Oxford Universty/ AstraZeneca	VVNR	stable at 2–8°C	2 doses, 0/4-12 w	2020/12/30	≥18 y old	98	Yes	11,636 8534	70% 70%
COVAXIN	Bharat Biotech	IV	stable at 2–8°C	2 doses, 0/28d	2021/1/3	Unclarified	9	Yes	25,800	81%
CoronaVac*	Sinovac	IV	stable at 2–8°C	2 doses, 0/14d	2021/1/11	Unclarified	25	Unreported	/	/
QAZCOVID-IN	Unclarified	IV	Unclarified	Unclarified	2021/1/113	Unclarified	1	Unreported	/	/
CoviVac	Russian Academy of Sciences	IV	Unclarified	Unclarified	2021/2/20	Unclarified	1	Yes	12,396 7371	51% 91%
Unclarified*	Sinopharm	IV	stable at 2–8°C	2 doses, 0/21d	2021/2/25	Unclarified	1	Yes	25,480	72.8%
Ad5-nCoV*	CanSino BIO	VVNR	stable at 2–8°C	1 dose	2021/2/25	Unclarified	5	Unreported	/	/
Ad26.COV2.S	Janssen	VVNR	Stable at −20°C; 2 ~ 8°C for 3 months	1 dose	2021/3/1	≥18 y old	41	Unreported	/	/
ZF2001	Zhifei/Chinese Academy of Sciences	PS	stable at 2–8°C	3 doses, 0/30/60d	2021/3/1	Unclarified	2	Unreported	/	/
KCONVAC	Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co	IV	Unclarified	2 doses, 0/28d	2021/5/14	≥18 y old	1	Unreported	/	/

* Vaccines with an asterisk were conditionally approved in China, and the others were approved for emergency use authorization only. Viral vector non-replicating is abbreviated as VVNR; Inactivated virus is abbreviated as IV; Protein subunit is abbreviated as PS.