The efficacy of human papillomavirus vaccination in young Japanese girls: the interim results of the OCEAN study

Figures & data

Table 1. The ratio of high-risk HPV infection

	non-vaccinated (n = 877)	vaccinated (n = 170)	OR (95% CI)
HPV (-)	704 (80.3%)	148 (87.1%)
high risk HPV	173 (19.7%)	22 (12.9%)	0.61 (0.38–0.98)

In vaccinated group, the ratio of high-risk HPV infection was significantly decreased compared to non-vaccinated group. (OR; odds ratio, CI; confidence interval)

Table 2. The ratio of HPV 16 and 18 infection

	non-vaccinated (n = 877)	vaccinated (n = 170)	OR (95%CI)
high risk HPV	173 (19.7%)	22 (12.9%)	0.61 (0.38–0.98)
HPV 16 and 18	43 (4.9%)	0 (0%)	0.06 (0.003–0.92)

In vaccinated group, the infection of HPV 16 and 18 was not observed in vaccinated group. (OR; odds ratio, CI; confidence interval).

Table 3. The cross-protection effect of HPV vaccines

HPV type	non-vaccinated (n = 877)	vaccinated (n = 170)	OR (95%CI)
16	33 (3.76%)	0 (0%)	0.07 (0.005–1.21)
18	13 (1.48%)	0 (0%)	0.19 (0.01–3.17)
31	14 (1.6%)	0 (0%)	0.17 (0.01–2.94)
33	5 (0.57%)	1 (0.59%)	1.03 (0.12–8.89)
35	5 (0.57%)	3 (1.76%)	3.13 (0.74–13.24)
39	24 (2.74%)	3 (1.76%)	0.64 (0.19–2.14)
45	5 (0.57%)	0 (0%)	0.48 (0.03–8.71)
48	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	-
51	17 (1.94%)	4 (2.35%)	1.22 (0.41–3.67)
52	45 (5.13%)	5 (2.94%)	0.56 (0.22–1.43)
56	21 (2.39%)	9 (5.29%)	2.28 (1.03–5.07)
58	37 (4.22%)	4 (2.35%)	0.55 (0.19–1.56)
59	17 (1.94%)	1 (0.59%)	0.30 (0.04–2.26)
67	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	-
68	12 (1.37%)	2 (1.18%)	0.86 (0.19–3.87)

Compared with the unvaccinated group, the prevalence of HPV 31, 45, 52, and 59 were lower in the HPV-vaccinated group. (OR; odds ratio, CI; confidence interval)

Table 4. The incidence of abnormal cytology

	non-vaccinated (n = 877)	vaccinated (n = 170)	OR (95%CI)
NILM	844 (96.2%)	164 (96.5%)	0.94 (0.39–2.27)
ASC-US	18 (2.1%)	2 (1.2%)	0.57 (0.13–2.47)
LSIL	14 (1.6%)	4 (2.4%)	1.49 (0.48–4.57)
HSIL	1 (0.1%)	0 (0%)	1.71 (0.07–42.24)
Abnormal cytology	33 (3.8%)	6 (3.5%)	0.94 (0.39–2.27)

Although abnormal cytology was observed in 3.5% in vaccinated group, there was no significant difference compared to non-vaccinated group. (NILM; Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, ASC-US; Atypical squamous ceils of undetemined significance, LSIL; Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, HSIL; High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, OR; odds ratio, CI; confidence interval)

Table 5. The incidence of cervical intraneoplasia (CIN)

	non-vaccinated (n = 877)	vaccinated (n = 170)	OR (95%CI)
CIN1	11 (1.3%)	4 (2.4%)	1.90 (0.60–6.03)
CIN2	4 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	0.57 (0.03–10.622)
CIN3	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	-
total	15 (1.8%)	4 (2.4%)	1.38 (0.45–4.22)
			(Fisher’s exact test)

In the unvaccinated group, CIN1 and CIN2 were detected in 1.3% and 0.5% of participants, respectively. In contrast, CIN1 was detected in 2.4% in the HPV-vaccinated group while CIN2 was not detected. (CIN; cervical intraepitherial neoplasia, OR; odds ratio, CI: confidence interval)