Community pharmacists’ willingness and barriers to provide vaccination during COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographics characteristics of the participating pharmacists (n = 201)

Characteristics	N (%)	Mean (SD)
Age
		28 (6.22)
Sex
Male	99 (49.3)
Female	102 (50.7)
Years of experience
		4.18 (5.52)
Education level
BSc Pharmacy	87 (43.3)
Pharm D	110 (54.7)
Master degree	3 (1.5)
Master student	1 (0.5)
Place of work
Single pharmacy	105 (52.2)
Chain Pharmacy	96 (47.8)
University of bachelor degree
Al Ahliyya Amman University	40 (19.9)
Al Zaytoonah University	7 (3.5)
Jordan University of Science and Technology	89 (44.3)
Philadelphia University	4 (2.0)
Sindh university	2 (1.0)
The Hashemite University	4 (2.0)
University of Jordan	18 (9.0)
University of Petra	2 (1.0)
Yarmouk University	34 (16.9)
Damascus University	1 (0.5)
Pharmacy location
Rural area	62 (30.8)
Urban area	139 (69.2)
Monthly income
Less than 250 JD	89 (44.3)
250–500 JD	36 (17.9)
More than 500 JD	76 (37.8)
Employment status
Staff pharmacist	182 (90.5)
Pharmacy owner	19 (9.5)

Table 2. Pharmacists’ willingness to provide vaccination in pharmacies

	Strongly agree/agree	Mean (SD)
Community pharmacists have a good knowledge of vaccines and immunization process	176 (87.5%)	4.29 (0.81)
Community pharmacists are more accessible to patients than other health care professionals	185 (92.0%)	4.32 (0.77)
Immunization in community pharmacies is more convenient to the patients	175 (87.0%)	4.17 (0.84)
Immunization in community pharmacies improves the therapeutic relationship between community pharmacists and patients	179 (89.0%)	3.99 (0.58)
Immunization in community pharmacies encourage people to get the vaccine and improve the vaccination coverage rate	173 (86.0%)	3.89 (0.67)
Vaccination in community pharmacies reduces the cost to patients	124 (61.7%)	3.65 (1.23)
I feel happy to expand the patient services to include immunization	177 (88.0%)	4.34 (0.88)
I am happy to support the health care system during COVID-19 through the administration of vaccine to the patients	182 (90.6%)	4.28 (0.81)

Table 3. Barriers to providing immunization in pharmacies

	Strongly agree/agree	Mean (SD)
Lack of authorization	184 (91.6%)	4.50 (0.79)
Lack of collaboration with other healthcare professionals	172 (85.6%)	4.37 (0.92)
Poor quality of university education	53 (26.4%)	2.73 (0.89)
Lack of continuous training and workshops	107 (53.2%)	3.44 (1.31)
Concern about patients safety	81 (40.3%)	3.03 (0.93)
Pharmacists feel uncomfortable with needles	38 (18.9%)	2.74 (0.84)
Lack of time	112 (55.7%)	3.36 (0.90)
Lack of space for storage	149 (74.1%)	3.74 (1.01)
Lack of private area to provide the vaccination	114 (56.8%)	3.52 (0.83)
Lack of reimbursement (profitability)	123 (61.1%)	3.86 (0.94)
Low patients demand	97 (48.3%)	3.36 (1.38)

Table 4. Association between sample characteristics and willingness and barriers levels

Willingness to provide vaccination level
Variable	Odds ratio (OR)	P value*	95% C.I
BSc pharmacy degree	0.18	<0.0001	0.07–0.46
Barriers against providing vaccination level
Variable	Odds ratio (OR)	P value*	95% C.I
BSc pharmacy degree	4.86	0.007	1.56–15.17
Years of experience	0.85	0.002	0.77–0.94
Male sex	6.10	<0.0001	2.29–16.22
Chain pharmacy	8.98	<0.0001	3.19–25.24
Rural areas	4.31	0.004	1.61–11.53
Income (250–500 JD)	19.34	0.001	3.41–109.83

*Significance level is P value <0.05.