Burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis on caregivers: Findings from a systematic literature review

Figures & data

Table 1. Search terms for Scopus and PubMed

Database	Terms
Scopus	TITLE-ABS-KEY ((“rotavirus”) AND (“family” OR “caregiver”) AND (“impact” OR “utility” OR “stress” OR “disutility” OR “QALY” OR “QALYs” OR “burden”)) AND (LIMIT-TO (LANGUAGE, “English”))
PubMed	(rotavirus infection[MESH Terms]) AND (“family” OR “caregiver”) AND (“impact” OR “utility” OR “stress” OR “disutility” OR “QALY” OR “QALYs” OR “burden”) Filters: English, Human Rotavirus Infections/psychology[MESH] Filters: English/Humans

Table 2. PICOS criteria

PICOS	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Population	Caregivers of children afflicted by RVGE	Studies unrelated to RVGE in children or caregivers
Intervention	No intervention	Studies reporting on a pharmaceutical intervention, such as clinical trials
Comparisons	Baseline or no RVGE	N/A
Outcomes	Emotional burden and effects on quality of life	Studies not reporting effects on caregivers or family
Study design	Primary data collection Prospective, single-center, multi-center, observational studies, cross-sectional studies, quantitative, retrospective, qualitative	Studies reporting non-primary data or survey data from previous studies

N/A: not applicable.

Figure 1. PRISMA of included studies related to caregiver burden.

Table 3. Design of included studies that quantify caregiver burden (n = 10).^9–18

Study	Country	Data collection period	Study type	Caregiver type and number of caregivers assessed	Place of recruitment^b	Sample size	Instrument (if applicable)	Element of burden assessed
Brisson et al., 2010	Canada	January 2005 to June 2005	Prospective, multicenter, observational study of children less than 3 years of age with gastroenteritis	Parents of 186 children with RVGE	Outpatient clinics	N = 186	EQ-5D VAS	Impact on QoL of children and parents^Citation12
Hoffman et al., 2011	Denmark	February 2008 to June 2009	Multi-center prospective observational study in children <5 years of age with acute GE	Parents of 236 children with RVGE	General physician clinics and a pediatric department in a hospital	N = 236	EQ-5D VAS	Impact on QoL Lost workdays^Citation11
Marlow et al., 2015	United Kingdom	NR	Single-center prospective observational study of children <6 years of age with GE	Up to 2 caregivers from 84 families of children with RVGE (separated by primary and secondary status)	Children’s hospital emergency department	N = 84	EQ-5D VAS Daily symptom diary	Quality-adjusted life years lost Health-related quality of life of up to two adults^Citation10
Rochanathimoke et al., 2018	Thailand	May 2013 andFebruary 2014	Multi-center, prospective, cross-sectional study of children <5 years of age with GE^c	One caregiver of 195 children with RVGE	Hospital wards	N = 195	EQ-5D-3 L VAS	Impact on QoL Disruptions in social life Stress and anxiety experienced^Citation9
Laizane et al., 2018	Latvia	April 2013 toDecember 2015	Quantitative, cross-sectional study of RV-positive children 0–18 years of age	Both parents of 527 children with RVGE	Hospital wards	N = 527	No instrument used; uniquequestionnaire and interview design (validation unknown)	Health-related quality of life Emotional burden (stress/anxiety, worry and compassion) on families of affected children^Citation13
Diez-Domingo et al., 2012	Spain, Italy, Poland	NR	Observational multi-center prospective study of children <5 years of age with GE^c	Parents of 264 children with RVGE	General practitioner and pediatric clinics	N = 264	Validated unique questionnaire and interviews conducted	Emotional impact on families Disruptions to daily routines^Citation14
Van der Wielen et al., 2010	Belgium, France,Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom	2004–2005	Prospective, multi-center, observational study of children <5 years of age with GE^c	Both parents of 1,102 children with RVGE	Primary-care facilities, emergencydepartments and hospital settings	N = 1,102	Unique questionnaire designed using VAS	Disruption to families Parental stress experienced^Citation16
Mast et al., 2009	United States	February to March 2004	Prospective, multi-center observational study of children 2–36 months of age with acute GE^c	17 parents (including both parents of one child) to 16 children with RVGE	Outpatient clinic or ER	N = 27	No instrument used; unique questionnaire and interview/focus group design	Impact on family QoL Emotional state and routine disruption^Citation17
Marchetti et al., 2017	Italy	December 2015 (RVGE case in last 5 years contacted)	Retrospective multicenter observational study of children <5 years of age	One parent of 500 children with RVGE	Contacted after hospitalization	N = 500	No instrument used; unique survey conducted by phone	Family stress and disruption^Citation18
O’Brien et al., 2015	Taiwan and Vietnam	February to June 2013	Qualitative Prospective multicenter observational study of children <36 months of age with GE^c	One primary caregiver of 34 children with RVGE	Hospital wards	N = 34	No instrument used; unique questionnaire and interview/focus group design	Impact on family emotions, impact of logistics of daily tasks^Citation15

^bPlace of recruitment pertains to location patient was identified and asked to partake in study. The studies vary as to whether the survey was conducted at place of recruitment or were completed as a self-survey at home.

^cSample assessed for caregiver burden were those confirmed to be RV-positive.

EQ-5D: EuroQol-5 Dimension; ER: emergency room; GE: gastroenteritis; QoL: quality of life; RV: rotavirus; RVGE: rotavirus gastroenteritis; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale.

Figure 2. Caregiver utility for caring for rotavirus gastroenteritis patients, as captured with the EQ-5D.^9–12

Figure 3. EQ-5D associated VAS caregiver score for caring for rotavirus gastroenteritis patients.^9–12

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