Disease burden in patients with severe hand, foot, and mouth disease in Jiangsu Province: a cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1. Assignment of independent variables

Independent variables	Assignment
Age (month)	Continuous variable
The number of days in the hospital (day)	Continuous variable
Gender	“Male” = 1, “Female” = 2
Region	“Nanjing” = 1, “Suzhou” = 2

Figure 1. Trends in the incidence rate and the number of severe cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2020.

Figure 2. Distribution of pathogen types of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2020.

Figure 3. The composition of direct economic burden of patients with severe hand, foot, and mouth disease in Nanjing and Suzhou.

Table 2. The cost of patients with severe hand, foot, and mouth disease in Nanjing and Suzhou from January 2017 to May 2018 (RMB)

Variables	N	Direct medical costs			Direct non-medical costs			Direct economic burden
		Total cost	Per capita cost, median (IQR)	P value	Total cost	Per capita cost, median (IQR)	P value	Total cost	Per capita cost, median (IQR)	P value
Gender				483*			421*			768*
Male	241	3662665.81	13015.00 (10020.20, 18743.88)		777680.33	2264.41 (1460.00, 4000.00)		4440346.14	16005.00 (12461.50, 22328.16)
Female	121	1920706.37	14122.46 (9748.00, 20667.60)		352893.88	2228.01 (1379.41, 3572.34)		2273600.25	16608.00 (12027.06, 23608.60)
Age, month				906†			163†			657†
<12	24	335389.63	12836.15 (9951.35, 16029.83)		59643.27	1945.00 (1382.25, 2294.41)		395032.90	14903.50 (11723.55, 18258.83)
12-	181	2804260.80	13155.00 (9854.16, 19216.45)		615772.15	2492.41 (1600.00, 4157.34)		3420032.95	16135.53 (16135.53, 24000.69)
36-	109	1728456.00	13734.18 (9982.03, 19414.63)		324169.07	2350.00 (1350.00, 3663.87)		2052625.07	16766.64 (12167.93, 22791.36)
≥60	48	715265.75	13326.96 (10106.54, 19065.52)		130989.72	1932.30 (1326.10, 3353.30)		846255.47	16245.60 (12279.88, 22100.42)
Region				<.001*			<.001*			<.001*
Nanjing	214	3894232.23	16197.40 (12036.42, 22087.99)		794498.97	2752.20 (1800.00, 4673.45)		4688731.20	19776.59 (14954.79, 26505.75)
Suzhou	148	1689139.95	10092.50 (8840.50, 12863.75)		336075.24	1800.00 (1200.00, 3000.00)		2025215.19	12560.34 (10724.76, 15758.67)
Total	362	5583372.18	13241.96 (9968.25, 18910.77)		1130574.21	2228.01 (1419.75, 3900.00)		6713946.39	16142.88 (12253.46, 22770.10)

Abbreviations: RMB, ren min bi; IQR, interquartile range.

*Wilcoxon rank sum test.

†Kruskal-Wallis H test.

Table 3. Multi-Factor analysis of direct economic burden of patients with severe hand, foot, and mouth disease

Variables	B	β	95%CI	P value
Constant	23001.22		(18988.19, 27014.26)	<.001
Region*	−6343.985	−.45	(−7723.47, −4964.50)	<.001
The number of days in the hospital	429.91	0.15	(145.31, 714.52)	003

Abbreviations: B, unstandardized coefficient; β, standardized coefficient; CI, confidence interval.

*Nanjing was the reference group.

Table 4. The TAPQOL scale score of patients with severe hand, foot, and mouth disease

Variables	Score, median (IQR)	Gender	Age, month	Region
		P value*	P value†	P value*
Sleeping	70.59 (47.06, 89.71)	577	427	194
Appetite	66.67 (41.67, 100.00)	866	858	<.001
Lungs	100.00 (83.33, 100.00)	303	871	023
Stomach	80.00 (60.00, 80.00)	913	585	001
Skin	62.50 (50.00, 62.50)	764	790	028
Motor functioning	94.12 (94.12, 94.12)	584	268	040
Communication	85.71 (85.71, 85.71)	191	958	195
Social functioning	50.00 (16.67, 100.00)	166	921	569
Problem behavior	85.71 (64.29, 100.00)	176	311	309
Anxiety	100.00 (66.67, 100.00)	230	889	991
Positive mood	66.67 (33.33, 100.00)	667	089	507
Liveliness	50.00 (33.33, 100.00)	681	110	537
Total scale	69.23 (56.20, 82.27)	498	481	084

Abbreviations: TAPQOL, TNO-AZL Preschool quality of life; IQR, interquartile range.

*Wilcoxon rank sum test.

†Kruskal-Wallis H test.