Willingness toward COVID-19 vaccination, coadministration with other vaccines and receive a COVID-19 vaccine booster: a cross-sectional study on the guardians of children in China

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of guardians and their willingness to vaccinate their children with COVID-19 vaccine

Variables	Guardians No. (%)	Guardians (who can decide whether the children is vaccinated) No. (%)	Guardians willing to vaccinate their children No. (%)	χ2	p-value
Total	9424(100%)	7915(83.99%)	6861(86.68%)
Guardians
Mother	7048(74.79%)	5946(84.36%)	5111(85.96%)	16.12	<0.001
Father	2059(21.85%)	1745(84.75%)	1540(88.25%)
Others	317(3.36%)	224(70.66%)	210(93.75%)
Age
18–29	2505(26.58%)	2026(80.88%)	1704(84.11%)	44.91	<0.001
30–39	5376(57.05%)	4580(85.19%)	3954(86.33%)
40–49	1224(12.99%)	1082(88.40%)	988(91.31%)
≥50	319(3.38%)	227(71.16%)	215(94.71%)
Education
Secondary education/secondary vocational education and below	2055(21.81%)	1683(81.90%)	1518(90.20%)	81.38	<0.001
Higher vocational education	2395(25.41%)	2032(84.84%)	1813(89.22%)
College students	2271(24.10%)	1953(86.00%)	1695(86.79%)
Undergraduates	2414(25.62%)	2010(83.26%)	1650(82.09%)
Postgraduate education and above	289(3.07%)	237(82.01%)	185(78.06%)
Family income per capita (CNY)
≤100,000	6038(64.07%)	5013(83.02%)	4420(88.17%)	28.47	<0.001
100,000–200,000	2455(26.05%)	2098(85.46%)	1774(84.56%)
200,000–300,000	573(6.08%)	491(85.69%)	412 (83.91%)
≥300,000	358(3.80%)	313(87.43%)	255(81.47%)
Occupation
Housewives	3388(35.95%)	2853(84.21%)	2462(86.30%)	34.58	<0.001
Service workers	1093(11.60%)	917(83.90%)	827(90.19%)
Healthcare workers	563(5.97%)	481(85.44%)	430(89.40%)
Education workers	637(6.76%)	541(84.93%)	446(82.44%)
Public officer	1056(11.21%)	877(83.05%)	728(83.01%)
Laborers	902(9.57%)	756(83.81%)	670(88.62%)
Others	1785(18.94%)	1490(83.47%)	1298(87.11%)
Gender of children
Boys	5021(53.28%)	4219(84.03%)	3677(87.15%)	1.73	0.18
Girls	4403(46.72%)	3696(83.94%)	3184(86.15%)
Age of children
<3	4817(51.11%)	3855(80.03%)	3200(83.01%)	87.9	<0.001
≥3	4607(48.89%)	4060(88.13%)	3661(90.17%)
Underlying disease in children
No	8668(91.98%)	7287(84.07%)	6341(87.02%)	8.9	0.003
Yes	756(8.02%)	628(83.07%)	520(82.80%)
Guardian vaccinated COVID-19 vaccine
Yes	8196(86.97%)	7031(85.79%)	6216(88.41%)	162.27	<0.001
No	1228(13.03%)	884(71.99%)	645(72.96%)

Notes: χ2 was used to compare only willingness to vaccinate children. Guardians willing to vaccinate their children: the survey was conducted only for guardians who can decide to vaccinate their children in the family.

Figure 1. Reasons for the guardians’ willingness, unwillingness, or uncertainty to vaccinate their children.

This was a multiple-choice question. Blue represents the reason why guardians were willing to vaccinate their children; red represents the reason why guardians were unwilling or uncertain to vaccinate their children.

Table 2. Influencing factors on the willingness of guardians to vaccinate their children with COVID-19 vaccine

	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
Variables	OR	95%CI	p-value	OR	95%CI	p-value
Guardians				/
Mother	1.32	1.14-1.51	<0.001
Father
Others
Age
18–29	1.37	1.25-1.51	<0.001	Ref
30–39				1.09	0.93-1.27	0.31
40–49				1.54	1.19-2.00	<0.01
≥50				2.37	1.29-4.35	<0.01
Education
Secondary education/secondary vocational education and below	0.78	0.74-0.83	<0.001	Ref
Higher vocational education				0.90	0.72-1.11	0.32
College students				0.75	0.60-0.92	<0.01
Undergraduates				0.52	0.41-0.65	<0.001
Postgraduate education and above				0.40	0.28-0.58	<0.001
Family income per capita (CNY)				/
≤100,000	0.82	0.76-0.89	<0.001
100,000–200,000
200,000–300,000
≥300,000
Occupation
Housewives	0.98	0.95-1.01	0.23	1.07	0.87-1.30	0.53
Service workers				1.25	0.95-1.63	0.11
Healthcare workers				1.65	1.17-2.31	<0.01
Education workers				0.96	0.72-1.27	0.76
Public officer				0.94	0.74-1.21	0.65
Laborers				1.04	0.78-1.37	0.81
Others				Ref
Gender of children				/
Boys	0.92	0.81-1.04	0.19
Girls
Age of children
<3	1.88	1.64-2.15	<0.001	Ref
≥3				1.50	1.30-1.73	<0.001
Underlying disease in children
No	0.72	0.58-0.89	0.003	Ref
Yes				0.70	0.56-0.88	<0.01
Guardian vaccinated COVID-19 vaccine
Yes	0.35	0.30-0.42	<0.001	Ref
No				0.43	0.36-0.56	<0.001

Notes: OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.

Figure 2. Comparison of guardians’ willingness toward COVID-19 vaccination in the first survey and the second survey.

Figure 3. Willingness and unwillingness toward the coadministration of COVID-19 vaccine with other vaccines for themselves and their children.

Table 3. Influencing factors on the willingness to receive a COVID-19 booster, and to coadministrate with influenza vaccines and a COVID-19 booster for guardians

	Willingness to receive a COVID-19 booster			Willingness to coadministrate with influenza vaccines and a COVID-19 booster
	Multivariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	OR	95%CI	p-value	OR	95%CI	p-value
Guardians
Mother				Ref
Father		/		1.39	1.22-1.58	<0.001
Others				1.30	0.97-1.75	0.08
Age
18–29	Ref
30–39	1.38	1.16-1.64	<0.001
40–49	1.39	1.05-1.84	0.02		/
≥50	1.05	0.67-1.65	0.83
Education
Secondary education/secondary vocational education and below	Ref
Higher vocational education	1.39	1.13-1.73	<0.01
College students	1.72	1.37-2.16	<0.001		/
Undergraduates	1.32	1.06-1.64	0.01
Postgraduate education and above	1.15	0.72-1.81	0.55
Guardian vaccinated COVID-19 vaccine
Yes	4.23	3.57-5.02	<0.001	1.65	1.45-1.88	<0.001
No	Ref				Ref
Guardian vaccinated influenza vaccine from August 2020 to May 2021.
Yes	1.38	1.07-1.77	0.01	2.29	1.94-2.69	<0.001
No	Ref				Ref

Notes: OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.

Table 4. Influencing factors on the willingness to receive a COVID-19 booster, and to coadministrate with non-immunization program vaccines and a COVID-19 booster for children

	Willingness to receive a COVID-19 booster			Willingness to coadministrate with non-immunization program vaccines and a COVID-19 booster
	Multivariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	OR	95%CI	p-value	OR	95%CI	p-value
Guardians
Mother				Ref
Father				1.48	1.29-1.71	<0.001
Others		/		1.29	0.91-1.3	0.15
Education
Secondary education/secondary vocational education and below	Ref
Higher vocational education	0.97	0.82-1.16	0.76
College students	0.93	0.77-1.11	0.41
Undergraduates	0.71	0.59-0.86	<0.001		/
Postgraduate education and above	0.53	0.38-0.75	<0.001
Occupation
Housewives	0.73	0.57-0.93	0.01
Service workers	0.77	0.61-0.97	0.02
Healthcare workers	0.88	0.67-1.16	0.37		/
Education workers	1.35	0.95-1.90	0.09
Public officer	0.77	0.58-1.07	0.12
Laborers	0.81	0.61-1.06	0.13
Others	Ref
Year of children
<3	Ref
≥3	1.46	1.29-1.64	<0.001		/

Notes: OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.