Factors influencing parents’ willingness to vaccinate their preschool children against COVID-19: Results from the mixed-method study in China

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of parents in qualitative survey.

Characteristic	Frequency, n (%)
Participant
Mother	14(73.7%)
Father	5(26.3%)
Age (years)
20–29	4(21.1%)
30-39	13(68.4%)
≥40	2(10.5%)
Race
Han	19(100%)
Education background
Junior high or less	3(15.8%)
High school/Junior college	6(31.5%)
College	8(42.1%)
Master degree or above	1(5.3%)
No response	1(5.3%)

Table 2. Results of the questionnaire.

Item	Parentsresponse	N (%)
1. Have you ever delayed having your child get a shot（not including seasonal flu shots）for reasons other than illness or allergy?	Yes	390(15.0)
	No	2118(81.3)
	Don’t know	97(3.7)
2. Have you ever decided not to have your child get a shot（not including seasonal flu shots）for reasons other than illness or allergy?	Yes	164(6.3)
	No	2367(90.9)
	Don’t know	74(2,8)
3. How sure are you that following your child’s doctor suggestions or the recommended shot schedule is a good idea for your child？	Completely sure	2346(90.1)
	Don’t know	226(8.7)
	Not at all sure	33(1.3)
4. Children get more shots than are good for them.	Agree	1192(45.8)
	Don’t know	1040(39.9)
	Disagree	373(14.3)
5. I believe that many of the illnesses that shots prevent are severe.	Agree	1618(62.1)
	Don’t know	600(23.0)
	Disagree	387(14.9)
6. It is better for my child to develop immunity by getting sick than to get a shot.	Agree	484(18.6)
	Don’t know	962(36.9)
	Disagree	1159(44.5)
7.It is better for children to get fewer vaccines at the same time.	Agree	583(22.4)
	Don’t know	1096(42.1)
	Disagree	926(35.5)
8. How concerned are you that your child might have a serious side effect from COVID-19 vaccine？	Concerned	2215(85.0)
	Not sure	113(4.3)
	Don’t concerned	277(10.6)
9.How concerned are you that COVID-19 vaccine might not be safe？	Concerned	1962(73.9)
	Not sure	216(8.3)
	Don’t concerned	463(17.8)
10.How concerned are you that COVID-19 vaccine might not prevent the disease？	Concerned	1596(61.3)
	Not sure	410(15.7)
	Don’t concerned	599(23.0)
11.I trust the information I receive about COVID-19 vaccine.	Agree	1742(66.9)
	Don’t know	698(26.8)
	Disagree	165(6.3)
12. I am able to openly discuss my concerns about COVID-19 vaccine with my child’s doctor.	Agree	1936(74.3)
	Don’t know	542(20.8)
	Disagree	127(4.9)
13.All things considered, how much do you trust your child’s doctor?	0-10	7.36±2.09
14.Overall, would you consider having your child get a dose of COVID-19 vaccine？	Yes	686(26.3)
	Don’t know	309(11.9)
	No	1610(61.9)

Table 3. Demographic characteristics about general vaccine hesitancy about COVID-19 vaccine and three subdomains.

Survey Items	Frequency, n (%)	Safety&Efficacy Hesitation		Immunization Behavior Hesitation		Immunization Trust Hesitation		General Vaccine Hesitancy Category
		Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Low	High
Child Age
3–4 years old	1306(50.1)	869(50.2)	437(49.9)	59(44.7)	1247(50.4)	118(47.8)	1188(50.4)	1002(50.1)	304(50.2)
5–6 years old	1299(49.8)	861(49.8)	438(50.1)	73(55.3)	1226(44.7)	129(52.2)	1170(49.6)	997(49.9)	302(49.8)
Caregiver Age
＜35 years old	1861(71.4)	1273(73.6)	588(67.2)	90(68.2)	1771(71.6)	179(72.5)	1682(71.3)	1415(70.8)	446(73.6)
≥35 years old	744(28.6)	457(26.4)	287(32.8)	42(31.8)	702(28.4)	68(27.5)	676(28.7)	584(29.2)	160(26.4)
Caregiver Gender
Male	529(20.3)	307(17.7)	222(25.4)	27(20.5)	502(20.3)	37(15.0)	492(20.9)	443(22.2)	86(14.2)
Female	2076(79.7)	1423(82.3)	653(74.6)	105(79.5)	1971(79.7)	210(85.0)	1866(79.1)	1556(77.8)	520(85.8)
Caregiver Education
High school or less	1909(73.3)	1300(75.1)	609(69.6)	99(75.0)	1810(73.2)	178(72.1)	1731(73.4)	1415(72.6)	458(75.6)
Baccalaureate/Graduate degree	696(26.7)	430(24.9)	266(30.4)	33(25.0)	663(26.8)	69(27.9)	627(26.6)	548(27.4)	148(24.4)
Caregiver Career
Health sector	72(2.8)	44(2.5)	28(3.2)	4(3.0)	68(2.7)	9(3.6)	63(2.7)	57(2.9)	15(2.5)
Other	2533(97.2)	1686(97.5)	847(96.8)	128(97.0)	2405(97.3)	238(96.4)	2295(97.3.)	1942(97.1)	591(97.5)
Household income
<100 K	1518(58.3)	1038(60.0)	480(54.9)	84(63.6)	1434(58.0)	152(61.5)	1366(57.9)	1135(56.8)	383(63.2)
≥100 K	1087(41.7)	692(40.0)	395(45.1)	48(36.4)	1039(42.0)	95(38.5)	992(42.1)	864(43.2)	223(36.8)

Table 4. Results of ordinal logistic to characterize factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination willingness.

Variable	OR	SE	95% CI	p value
Model 1^a
Caregiver Age (＜35 years old)	.878	.093	.732 - 1.054	.164
Caregiver Gender (Male)	.757	.102	.619 - .925	.007
Health sector	1.052	.259	.633 - 1.747	.845
Child Age (3–4 years old)	.966	.082	.821 - 1.134	.668
Household income (＜100K)	.954	.089	.802 - 1.135	.598
High school or less	.820	.101	.672 - .998	.047
Immunization behavior hesitation (No)	.479	.226	.224 - .313	＜.001
COVID-19 vaccine safety & efficacy hesitation (No)	.264	.085	.331 - .644	＜.001
Immunization trust hesitation (No)	.462	.170	.307 - .745	.001
Model 2^b
Caregiver Age (＜35 years old)	.933	.090	.782 - 1.114	.446
Caregiver Gender (Male)	.732	.099	.603 - .890	.002
Health sector	1.013	.251	.620 - 1.655	.960
Child Age (3–4 years old)	.956	.080	.816 - 1.118	.573
Household income (＜100K)	.953	.087	.804 - 1.129	.575
High school or less	.875	.098	.723 - 1.059	.172
General Vaccine Hesitancy Category (Low)	.304	.112	.244 - .379	＜.001

^aR2 Nagelkerke = .141.

^bR2 Nagelkerke = .068.