Challenges and opportunities in current vaccine technology and administration: A comprehensive survey examining oral vaccine potential in the United States

Figures & data

Table 1. Total number of contacts made (#: second column) and interviews completed (#: fourth column).

Type of organization/professional contacted	#	Interviewee role in their organization	#
Public Health Departments	218	Independent Pharmacists/Owners	43
Hospitals/Clinics	201	Public Health Department Administrator	18
Independent Pharmacies/Owners	143	Physician	13
Physicians	99	Nurse	13
State/Regional Immunization Managers	77	Independent Pharmacy Operations Manager	9
ACIP Committee Members	32	Vaccine R&D Specialist	7
Chain Pharmacies	27	Clinic Manager	6
University Clinics	12	Hospital Administrator	6
Pharmaceutical Distributors	7	Vaccine Sales Representative	6
Healthcare/Vaccine Specialists contacted via LinkedIn	721	University Immunizations	4
Others	28	Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Representive	3
		Others	7
Total Contacted	1,565	Total Interviewed	135

Figure 1. Word-Clouds generated from interviewee responses: (a) one step that can be improved in the workflow process, and (b) unmet needs regarding the vaccination process.

The font-size variability in the Word Clouds in Figures 1, 5 and 6 represent the relative frequencies (count) of interviewees expressing each view/idea. A larger font-size represents a higher frequency.

Figure 2. Length (minutes) of vaccination visit per patient.

Figure 3. Distribution of response type of the interviewees with counts (# of interviewees) and respective percentages: (a) Independent Pharmacy Owners on joining a Pharmacy Buying Group to strengthen their bargaining power, (b) problems in using oral vaccines, (c) polarity regarding benefits in using oral vaccines, and (d) benefits of using oral vaccines, categorized based on interviewee-responses.

Figure 4. The percentage of patients who are afraid of needles, as estimated by the interviewees (vaccine providers).

Figure 5. Concerns about using oral vaccines.

Figure 6. Ways of learning about new vaccine products.