HPV vaccine intention among university students during suspension of active recommendation in Japan

Figures & data

Table 1. Knowledge, literacy, health beliefs scores according to gender.

		Total (n = 318, 100%)		Male (n = 173, 48%)		Female (n=145, 46%)		p
Variables		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Knowledge		40.6	0.2	41.4	0.2	39.6	0.1	.323
Literacy		10.5	5.7	10.3	5.9	9.8	8.9	.452
Health beliefs		n	%	N	%	n	%
Perceived susceptibility	Being susceptible	124	39	51	29	73	50	<.001
Perceived severity	Life-threatening	245	77	129	75	116	80	.251
Perceived severity	Serious consequences	258	81	142	82	116	80	.637
Benefit	Prevention	209	66	124	72	85	59	.015
No benefit	No need Now	89	28	46	27	43	30	.544
Barrier
	Expensive	209	66	108	62	101	70	.176
	Concerns about adverse effect	170	53	69	40	101	70	<.001
	Busy and don’t have time	121	38	51	29	70	48	.001
	Do not know where to get the shot	191	60	104	60	87	60	.983
	Feels troublesome	183	58	94	54	89	61	.206
	Parental opposition	57	18	13	8	44	30	<.001
At what time do you intend to receive the HPV vaccine?								.683
	Immediately*	18	5.7	12	7.02	6	4.14
	Within six months	14	4.43	8	4.68	6	4.14
	Within a year	29	9.18	16	9.36	13	8.97
	Within three years	61	19.3	29	16.96	32	22.07
	No intention or do not know	194	61.39	106	61.99	88	60.69

*Missing n = 2.

Table 2. Factors associated with intention to vaccinate among unvaccinated males.

		“Immediately” to “within 3 years” N = 65, 38%	“No plan to vaccinate” N = 106, 62％	Logistic regression models for vaccine intention from “immediately” to “within 3 years”
				Univariable			Multivariable
Variables		N (%)	N (%)	OR	95%CI	P	OR	95%CI
Faculty	Healthcare	27 (42)	48 (45)	0.86	0.46–1.60	.204	-	-
Age	≧20	42 (65)	74 (70)	0.76	0.40–1.48	.426	-	-
Smoking	Now or ever	6 (9)	8 (8)	1.25	0.41–3.77	.697	-	-
Drinking	Frequently	23 (35)	50 (47)	0.61	0.33–1.16	.132	-	-
Sleeping	≧ 6h	56 (86)	98 (92)	0.51	0.19–1.39	.188	-	-
Exercise	≧Median	41 (63)	57 (54)	1.47	0.78–2.76	.233	-	-
Breakfast	Everyday	26 (40)	53 (50)	0.67	0.36–1.25	.204	-	-
Knowledge	≥ Median	45 (69)	54 (51)	2.17	1.13–1 4.15	.019	1.48	0.70–3.13
Literacy	≥ Median	44 (68)	50 (47)	2.35	1.23–4.47	.01	2.12	1.02–4.41
Health beliefs
Perceived susceptibility	Being susceptible	29 (45)	21 (20)	3.26	1.65–6.46	.001	2.46	1.16–5.22
Perceived severity	Life-threatening	52 (80)	76 (71)	1.58	0.75–3.31	.225	-	-
Perceived severity	Serious consequences	52 (80)	89 (84)	0.76	0.34–1.70	.509	-	-
Benefit	Prevention	48 (74)	75 (71)	1.18	0.58–2.34	.662	-	-
No benefit	No need Now	9 (14)	37 (35)	0.3	0.13–0.67	.003	0.33	0.14–0.78
Barrier
	Expensive	38 (58)	70 (66)	0.72	0.38–1.37	.319	-	-
	Concerns about adverse effect	27 (42)	42 (40)	1.08	0.58–2.03	.804	-	-
	Busy and don’t have time	21 (32)	29 (27)	1.27	0.65–2.48	.49	-	-
	Do not know where to get the shot	46 (71)	57 (54)	2.08	1.08–4.01	.028	2.23	1.06–4.70
	Feels troublesome	32 (49)	61 (58)	0.72	0.39–1.33	.289	-	-
	Parental opposition	6 (9)	7 (7)	1.44	0.46–4.48	.529	-	-

Figure 1. Forest plot of HPV vaccine intention of each factor among unvaccinated males and females.

Note: Significant positive factors associated with HPV vaccine intention were higher “literacy”, “being susceptible” and “do not know where to get the shot” among males and higher “knowledge” among females. Significant negative factors associated with HPV vaccine intention were “no need now” among males and “parental opposition” among females.

Table 3. Factors associated with intention to vaccinate among unvaccinated females.

		“Immediately” to “within 3 years” N = 57, 39%	“Not plan to vaccinate” N = 88, 61%	Logistic regression models for vaccine intention from “immediately” to “within 3 years”
				Univariable			Multivariable
Variables		N (%)	N (%)	OR	95%CI	P	OR	95%CI
Faculty	Healthcare	27 (47)	25 (28)	2.27	1.13–4.55	.021	1.31	0.57–3.03
Age	≥20	25 (44)	31 (36)	1.41	0.71–2.79	.323	-	-
Smoking	Now or ever	55 (96)	88 (100)	-	-	-	-	-
Drinking	Frequently	41 (72)	75 (85)	2.25	0.99–5.14	.054	-	-
Sleeping	≥6h	52 (93)	77 (89)	1.69	0.50–5.67	.397	-	-
Exercise	≥ Median	23 (40)	43 (49)	0.71	0.36–1.39	.315	-	-
Breakfast	Everyday	28 (49)	36 (41)	1.37	0.70–2.68	.361	-	-
Knowledge	≥ Median	44 (77)	29 (33)	6.89	3.21–14.80	<0.001	6.27	2.59–15.16
Literacy	≥ Median	32 (56)	41 (47)	1.47	0.75–2.87	.262	-	-
Health beliefs
Perceived susceptibility	Being susceptible	34 (60)	39 (44)	1.86	0.95, 3.65	.071	1.47	0.66–3.30
Perceived severity	Life-threatening	46 (81)	70 (80)	1.08	0.47–2.48	.865	-	-
Perceived severity	Serious consequences	47 (82)	69 (78)	1.29	0.53–3.03	.552	-	-
Benefit	Prevention	41 (72)	44 (50)	2.56	1.26–5.23	.009	1.25	0.53–2.93
No benefit	No need Now	13 (23)	30 (34)	0.57	0.27–1.22	.146	0.78	0.32–1.88
Barrier
	Expensive	39 (68)	62 (70)	0.91	0.44–1.87	.795	-	-
	Concerns about adverse effect	32 (56)	69 (78)	0.35	0.17–0.73	.945	0.34	0.14–0.83
	Busy and don’t have time	28 (49)	42 (48)	1.06	0.54–2.06	.87	-	-
	Do not know where to get the shot	34 (60)	53 (60)	0.98	0.50–1.93	.945	-	-
	Feels troublesome	36 (63)	53 (60)	1.13	0.60–2.25	.723	-	-
	Parental opposition	11 (19)	33 (38)	0.4	0.18–0.88	.02	0.46	0.18–1.14