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Coronavirus – Letter

Waning natural and vaccine-induced immunity leading to reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

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Figures & data

Figure 1. (a) Molecular phylogenetic tree designed based on a neighbor joining analysis of SARS-CoV-2 sequences retrieved from clinical specimens of cases during primary infection, reinfection and reference sequences with bootstrap of 1000 replicates. The sequence of primary infection (EI*) and reinfection (RI*) cases are highlighted with blue color and violet color, respectively. Reference sequences are marked with black color along with prototype Wuhan strain in red color. (b) Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response determined with S1-RBD ELISA during primary infection, post sixty days of second dose vaccination, pre-reinfection and reinfection. Neutralizing antibody titers determined with plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) during primary infection, post sixty days of second dose vaccination, pre-reinfection and reinfection against (c) B.1 variant, (d) Delta variant, (e) Omicron variant. The dotted line represents the limit of detection of the assay. Data are presented as mean values ± standard deviation (SD). The statistical significance was assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. Two-tailed Mann–Whitney test was performed between the groups, if the p-value for the Kruskal–Wallis test was found to be significant; p-values less than .05 were considered to be statistically significant.

Figure 1. (a) Molecular phylogenetic tree designed based on a neighbor joining analysis of SARS-CoV-2 sequences retrieved from clinical specimens of cases during primary infection, reinfection and reference sequences with bootstrap of 1000 replicates. The sequence of primary infection (EI*) and reinfection (RI*) cases are highlighted with blue color and violet color, respectively. Reference sequences are marked with black color along with prototype Wuhan strain in red color. (b) Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response determined with S1-RBD ELISA during primary infection, post sixty days of second dose vaccination, pre-reinfection and reinfection. Neutralizing antibody titers determined with plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) during primary infection, post sixty days of second dose vaccination, pre-reinfection and reinfection against (c) B.1 variant, (d) Delta variant, (e) Omicron variant. The dotted line represents the limit of detection of the assay. Data are presented as mean values ± standard deviation (SD). The statistical significance was assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. Two-tailed Mann–Whitney test was performed between the groups, if the p-value for the Kruskal–Wallis test was found to be significant; p-values less than .05 were considered to be statistically significant.