I have decided about my COVID-19 vaccine, what about my child?

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics.

Variable		Ages 12 to 16 (N = 131)	Ages 6 to 12 (N = 220)	Ages 0 to 6 (N = 340)
Gender	Male	50.4	48.6	44.4
	Female	49.6	51.4	55.6
Religiousness	Secular	44.3	43.2	41.2
	Conservative	38.2	41.4	37.9
	Orthodox	17.6	13.6	17.9
	Strict orthodox	0	1.8	2.9
Income	Well above average	3.8	5	5.3
	Above average	26.7	26.4	18.8
	Average	35.1	30.9	27.9
	Below average	22.9	26.4	27.1
	Well below average	11.5	11.4	20.9
Education	High school	15.3	15.9	27.5
	Professional diploma	24.4	23.6	22.3
	Bachelor’s degree	38.2	36.8	37.9
	Graduate degrees	22.2	23.7	20.3

Table 2. Intention to vaccinate children: distribution and correlations.

	Intention to vaccinate children						Correlation
	5 Yes (%)	4 Probably yes (%)	3 Have not decided (%)	2 Probably no (%)	1 No (%)	Mean (SD)	Ages 12 to 16	Ages 6 to 12	Ages 0 to 6
Ages 12 to 16 N = 131	45.8	20.6	26	3.8	3.8	4.01 (1.11)	-	0.843**	0.8**
Ages 6 to 12 N = 220	31.4	21.8	30.9	9.1	6.8	3.62 (1.21)		-	0.872**
Ages 0 to 6 N = 340	22.1	22.6	25.0	15.0	15.3	3.21 (1.35)			-

**p < .01, ***p < .001.

Table 3. Associations between contextual variables and the willingness to vaccinate children.

	Ages 12 to 16		Ages 6 to 12		Ages 0 to 6
Variable	B	Std. Error	B	Std. Error	B	Std. Error
(Constant)	2.63**	0.867	0.4*	0.2	1.4	0.72
Ethnic origin
Gender	−0.73	0.387	−0.52	0.273	−0.76**	0.23
Age					−0.034	0.019
Religiousness
Income
Education	−0.29*	0.14
	Nagelkerke R^2 = 0.072; Chi^2 = 7 P = .03		Nagelkerke R^2 = 0.022; Chi^2 = 3.69 P = .055		Nagelkerke R^2 = 0.047; Chi^2 = 12.04 P = .002

*P < .05 **P < .01 ***P < .001.

Table 4. Associations between the health record, behavior variables and the willingness to vaccinate children.

	Ages 12 to 16		Ages 6 to 12		Ages 0 to 6
Variable	B	Std. Error	B	Std. Error	B	Std. Error
(Constant)	−0.54	0.61	−52.19*	20.13	−1.35**	0.46
Health status
Covid-19 sick			−0.48	0.29
Avoid			0.52*	0.2
isolation			0.17	0.11
Influenza vaccine					0.83**	0.27
Follows instructions
Child vaccine
Parents Covid-19 vaccine	1.39*	0.66	1.51**	0.55	1.83***	0.45
	Nagelkerke R^2 = 0.048; Chi^2 = 0.456 P = .032		Nagelkerke R^2 = 0.148; Chi^2 = 25.8 P = .000		Nagelkerke R^2 = 0.149; Chi^2 = 40.18 P = .000

*P < .05 **P < .01 ***P < .001.

Table 5. Associations between perceived health attitudes and the willingness to vaccinate.

	Ages 12 to 16		Ages 6 to 12		Ages 0 to 6
Variable	B	Std. Error	B	Std. Error	B	Std. Error
(Constant)	−22.42***	5.84	−5.4**	1.69	−8.96***	1.21
Knowledge
Update frequency					−0.32	0.18
Fake news	1.04*	0.44
trust	3.44*	1.6
Doctor recommendation					0.69**	0.24
Influence
Susceptibility			−0.34	0.2
Severity	−1.12	0.59			−0.96**	0.29
Benefits	2.5**	0.94	2.06***	0.35	2.73***	0.39
Barriers			−0.71*	0.28
Fear
Neighborhood norms	1.99*	0.78
Vaccine knowledge type	−0.07*	0.03
Child vaccine knowledge type	0.073**	0.03	0.03**	0.01	0.02*	0.01
	Nagelkerke R^2 = 0.79; Chi^2 = 109.73 P = .000		Nagelkerke R^2 = 0.65; Chi^2 = 145.18 P = .000		Nagelkerke R^2 = 0.61; Chi^2 = 205.74 P = .000

*P < .05 **P < .01 *** P < .001.

Table 6. Final model of parents’ willingness to have their children vaccinated against COVID-19.

	Ages 12 to 16		Ages 6 to 12		Ages 0 to 6
Variable	B	Std. Error	B	Std. Error	B	Std. Error
(Constant)	126.88	69.11	−12.1***	2.36	−7.46***	1.49
age			0.08*	0.03	−0.6*	0.03
Education	−1.42*	0.64
avoid	−1.61*	0.76
Fake news	2.19**	0.81
trust	6.8*	2.71
Parents vaccine					1.19*	0.6
Update frequently					−0.34	0.19
Doctor recommendation			0.65*	0.33	0.65**	0.25
Susceptibility	−0.76	0.46	−0.4	0.21
Severity	−1.84*	0.87	−0.84*	0.38	−1.08***	0.31
Benefits	4.24**	1.47	2.00***	0.49	2.75***	0.41
Neighborhood Norms	3.65**	1.29	0.81	0.45
Vaccine knowledge type	−0.1*	0.04
Child vaccine knowledge type	0.08*	0.03	0.03*		0.02**	0.01
	Nagelkerke R^2 = 0.85; Chi^2 = 123.15 P = .000		Nagelkerke R^2 = 0.675; Chi^2 = 154.8 P = .000		Nagelkerke R^2 = 0.62; Chi^2 = 213.39 P = .000

*P < .05 **P < .01 *** P < .001.

Table

Variable name	Scale	Variable description
Gender	0 = Male 1 = Female
Age		Respondent age in years
Income	1 = Well above average 5 = Well below average	Respondent income from 1 to 5
Education	1 = High school 2 = Diploma 3 = Bachelor’s degree 4 = Higher degree	Highest level of education
Religiousness	1 = Secular 2 = Conservative 3 = Orthodox 4 = ultra-Orthodox	Level of religiousness
Ethnicity	0 = Jewish 1 = Arab
Health status	4 = Excellent 1 = Poor	Rate your family’s health status, 1 to 4
Follows instructions	5 = Very much 1 = Not at all	Degree of adherence to government guidelines for COVID-19
COVID-19 sick	1 = Yes 0 = No	Has anyone around you had COVID-19?
Avoid Cronbach alpha = 0.828	100 = Very much 1 = Very little	To what degree do you avoid going to crowded places with your children?
		To what degree do you avoid exposing your children to people outside their immediate circle?
Isolation Cronbach alpha = 0.82		How many times were your children aged 0 to 6 in isolation?
		How many times were your children aged 6 to 12 in isolation?
		How many times were your children aged 12 to 16 in isolation?
Child vaccine	1 = Yes 0 = No	Do your children receive routine childhood vaccines?
Influenza vaccine Cronbach alpha = 0.831	1 = Yes 0 = No	Did you receive the influenza vaccine?
		Did your spouse receive the influenza vaccine?
		Did your children receive the influenza vaccine?
Parents COVID-19 vaccine Cronbach alpha = 0.772	1 = Yes 0 = No	Did you receive the COVID-19 vaccine?
		Did your spouse receive the COVID-19 vaccine?
Information	5 = Very much 1 = Very little	How much do you know about COVID-19?
Update frequency	4 = Several times in a day 3 = Daily 2= Weekly 1 = I don’t update	How often do you read or hear news about COVID-19?
Fake news	4 = More than 10% 3 = 5 to 10% 2 = 1 to 5% 1 = less than 1%	What percentage of the news do you classify as fake news?
Trust Cronbach alpha = 0.753	4 = Fully trust 1 = Do not trust at all	What is your level of trust in vaccine information?
		What is your level of trust in data from the companies that developed the vaccine?
Susceptibility	5 = High probability 1 = Low probability	The possibility of children to get sick.
Severity Cronbach alpha = 0.812	5 = Severe outcome 1 = No outcome	If my children get COVID-19, it will disturb my family
		If my children get COVID-19, it will be hard for them to perform everyday activities
		COVID-19 can be a serious disease that children can die from
		COVID-19 is more dangerous than a virus
		COVID-19 can be a difficult disease for my children
Benefits Cronbach alpha = 0.95	5 = Vaccine has benefits 1 = Vaccine has no benefit	The vaccine for COVID-19 is a good way to protect my kids from getting sick.
		It is important to vaccinate children as the vaccine has been shown to be successful.
		The vaccine is important to the health of my child.
		The vaccine is beneficial for children.
		The vaccine is important to get herd immunity.
		Giving my child the vaccine is important to people around me.
		It is important to vaccinate the children so they can return to school.
		The vaccine for COVID-19 makes me less worried about my children getting the disease.
		The vaccine is effective for children.
Barriers Cronbach alpha = 0.842	5 = Worries 1 = No worries	The vaccine for COVID-19 is new so I am not sure it is safe to use.
		I am worried about the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine.
		I am afraid the vaccine will be effective for a short time only.
		I am afraid of short-term side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine.
		I am afraid of long-term side effects of the vaccine for COVID-19.
		I am afraid the vaccine for COVID-19 can cause fertility problems.
Fear Cronbach alpha = 0.869	5 = Very much agree 1 = Do not agree at all	The possibility that my child will get COVID-19 is very firghtening.
		I am worried that my children will get COVID-19.
Neighborhood norms Cronbach alpha = 0.815	5 = Very much agree 1 = Do not agree at all	People around me plan to vaccinate their children.
		People who are important to me are pro-child vaccination.
		I will have family support if I decide to vaccinate my child.
Influence Cronbach alpha = 0.735	1 = No influence 100 = High influence	Rate the effect of COVID-19 on your life.
		Rate the effect of COVID-19 on your economic situation
		Rate the effect of COVID-19 on your medical situation.
		Rate the effect of COVID-19 on your mental situation.
Doctor Cronbach alpha 0.865	5 = Very much agree 1 = Do not agree at all	A recommendation from the pediatrician is reliable and can be trusted.
		I will vaccinate my child if I receive a recommendation from the pediatrician.
Vaccine information type	1= against vaccine 100= pro-vaccine	How would you rate the information regarding the COVID-19 vaccine?
Child vaccine information type	1= against vaccine 100= pro-vaccine	How would you rate the information regarding the COVID-19 vaccine for children?