Effects of mobile APP for immunization on vaccination compliance of migrant children in southwest China: A community trial study

Figures & data

Table 1. Schedule of EPI vaccines from 2016 to 2019 in Chongqing.

Vaccine categories	Years (months) of age
	Birth	1 month	2 months	3 months	4 months	5 months	6 months	8 months	9 months	18 months	2 years
HepB	1	2					3
BCG	1
IPV			1
bOPV				1	2
DPT				1	2	3				4
MR								1
MMR										1
JE-L								1			2
MenA							1		2
HepA-L											1

HepB: Hepatitis B vaccine; BCG: Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine; IPV: Inactivated polio vaccine;

bOPV: Bivalent polio attenuated live vaccine; DaPT: Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine;

MR: Combined measles and rubella vaccine; MMR: Measles, Rubella and Mumps Combined Vaccine;

JE-L: Japanese encephalitis attenuated live vaccine vaccine; MenA: Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis group A polysaccharide vaccine. HepA-L: Live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine.

Figure 1. Number of information released by doctors and the number of consultations with doctors.

Table 2. Demographic sociology information of migrant children.

		Non-APP group
Items	APP group (n,%)	(n,%) X^2		P
All participants	106 (100.0)	90 (100.0)
Guardian gender
man	17 (16.0)	13 (14.4)	0.1	0.758
women	89 (84.0)	77 (85.6)
Children’s age
2–6 months	23 (21.7)	12 (13.3)	10.5	0.015
7–12 months	49 (46.2)	29 (32.2)
13–18 months	17 (16.0)	28 (31.1)
19–24 months	17 (16.0)	21 (23.3)
Age of guardian
<30 y old	50 (47.2)	41 (45.6)	0.1	0.994
30–40 y old	28 (26.4)	24 (26.7)
41–50 y old	6 (5.7)	5 (5.6)
>50 y old	22 (20.8)	20 (22.2)
Education background
Primary and below	15 (14.2)	12 (13.3)	0.9	0.824
Middle or high school	54 (50.9)	50 (55.6)
college	22 (20.8)	19 (21.1)
Bachelor degree or above	15 (14.2)	9 (10.0)
Occupation
Teacher	2 (1.9)	2 (2.2)	11.2	0.082
Service worker	11 (10.4)	6 (6.7)
Medical worker	6 (5.7)	2 (2.2)
Worker or Farmer	16 (15.1)	24 (26.7)
Government employee	10 (9.4)	2 (2.2)
Housework and unemployment	36 (34.0)	38 (42.2)
Other	25 (23.6)	16 (17.8)

Table 3. Guardian’s knowledge and attitude about vaccination.

Items		Total (n,%)	APP group (n,%)	Non-APP group (n,%)	X^2	P
Free or self-funded vaccines	Correct	61(32.1)	47(44.3)	14(15.6)	18.8	0.000
	Error	135(68.8)	59(55.7)	76(84.4)
Hepatitis B vaccination program	Correct	130(66.3)	80(75.5)	50(55.6)	8.6	0.003
	Error	66(33.7)	26(24.5)	40(44.4)
Observation time	Correct	188(95.9)	105 (99.1)	83 (92.2)	5.8	0.016
	Error	8(0.1)	1 (0.9)	7 (7.8)
Low fever treatment	Correct	123(62.8)	75 (70.8)	48 (53.3)	6.3	0.012
	Error	73(37.2)	31 (29.3)	42 (46.7)
Red treatment	Correct	95(48.5)	47 (44.3)	54 (60.0)	4.8	0.029
	Error	101(51.5)	59 (55.7)	36 (40.0)
Attitude	positive	178(90.8)	102(96.2)	76(84.4)	8.1	0.004
	negative	18(9.2)	4(3.8)	14(15.6)

Figure 2. Immunization coverage of EPI vaccines among migrant children.

Table 4. Timely vaccination coverage of migrant children.

Vaccine	APP group (n,%)	Non-APP group	RR (95%CI)	X^2/F	P
		(n,%)
4^th DPT	8 (38.1)	5 (17.2)	2.2 (0.8–5.8)	2.8	0.097
MR	45 (60.8)	13 (18.1)	3.4 (2.0–5.7)	27.9	0.001
MMR	11 (52.4)	7 (24.1)	2.2 (1.0–4.7)	4.2	0.04
1^st JE-L	40 (54.1)	9 (12.5)	4.3 (2.3–8.3)	28.3	0.01
2^nd JE-L*	3 (37.5)	0 (0.0)			0.20
1^st MenA	42 (46.2)	25 (30.5)	1.5 (1.0–2.3)	4.5	0.035
2^nd MenA	45 (68.2)	2 (2.9)	23.5 (5.9–93.1)	63.4	0.001
HepA-L	10 (47.6)	8 (27.6)	1.7 (0.8–3.6)	2.1	0.145

*Fisher’s exact text; DaPT: Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine; MR: Combined measles and rubella vaccine; MMR: Measles, Rubella and Mumps Combined Vaccine;JE-L: Japanese encephalitis attenuated live vaccine vaccine; MenA: Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis group A polysaccharide vaccine. HepA-L: Live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine

Table 5. The distribution of vaccination delay in migrant children.

Vaccine	Inoculation time after due date	APP groups (n,%)	Non-APP groups (n,%)	X^2/F	P
4^th DPT	≤ 1 month	8 (38.1)	5 (17.2)	5.2	0.073
	1–2 months	2 (9.5)	10 (34.5)
	≥3 months	11 (52.4)	14 (48.3)
MR	≤ 1 month	45 (60.8)	13 (18.1)	28.3	0.001
	1–2 months	5 (6.8)	7 (9.7)
	≥3 months	24 (32.4)	52 (72.2)
MMR	≤ 1 month	11 (52.4)	7 (24.1)	21.6	0.001
	1–2 months	7 (33.3)	0 (0.0)
	≥3 months	3 (14.3)	22 (75.9)
1^st JE-L	≤ 1 month	40 (54.1)	9 (12.5)	45.6	0.001
	1–2 months	27 (36.5)	20 (27.8)
	≥3 months	7 (9.5)	43 (59.7)
2^nd JE-L*	≤ 1 month	3 (37.5)	0 (0.0)	3.2	0.26
	1–2 months	1 (12.5)	1 (14.3)
	≥3 months	4 (50.0)	6 (85.7)
1^st MenA	≤ 1 month	42 (46.2)	25 (30.5)	7.2	0.027
	1–2 months	25 (27.5)	20 (24.4)
	≥3 months	24 (26.4)	37 (45.1)
2^nd MenA	≤ 1 month	45 (68.2)	2 (2.9)	63.4	0.001
	1–2 months	5 (7.6)	14 (20.3)
	≥3 months	16 (24.2)	53 (76.8)
HepA-L	≤ 1 month	10 (47.6)	8 (27.6)	2.1	0.35
	1–2 months	4 (19.1)	8 (27.6)
	≥3 months	7 (33.3)	13 (44.8)

*: Fisher’s exact test

HepB: Hepatitis B vaccine; BCG: Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine; IPV: Inactivated polio vaccine;

bOPV: Bivalent polio attenuated live vaccine; DaPT: Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine;

MR: Combined measles and rubella vaccine; MMR: Measles, Rubella and Mumps Combined Vaccine;

JE-L: Japanese encephalitis attenuated live vaccine vaccine; MenA: Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis group A polysaccharide vaccine. HepA-L: Live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine.