A narrative review on vaccination rate and factors associated with the willingness to receive pneumococcal vaccine in Chinese adult population

Figures & data

Figure 1. Vaccination rate of PPSV-23 among elderly population from different regions of China.

Table 1. Different factors that impact the pneumococcal vaccination among Chinese elderly population.

S.No	Influencing factor of pneumococcal vaccination	Impact on pneumococcal vaccination	Study population	Surveyed population	Studied region	Odds ratio with 95% CI	Year of publication		First author name and references
1	Recommendation by physicians	Recommendation by physicians was positively associated with pneumococcal vaccination rate	1000	Elderly ≥60 years	Hong Kong region	Adjusted OR = 7.399 (95% CI: 3.472–15.764) p = .008	2016		Huang J et al.,^Citation31
			980	Elderly ≥60 years	Jiashan County	OR = 0.37	2016		Zuo Mengmeng et al.,^Citation32
2	Previous vaccination history	Previous vaccination history was associated with more acceptance of pneumococcal vaccination	15,066	Elderly ≥60 years	Shenzhen region	Adjusted OR = 3.199 (1.492–6.860)	2021		Zhang M et al.,^Citation12
			2926	Elderly ≥60 years	urban districts of Hangzhou	OR = 7.48 (95% CI: 2.4–22.92)	2014		Shijun Liu et al.,^Citation11
3	Knowledge, beliefs, trust and attitude toward vaccination	High knowledge, positive attitude and trust on vaccine safety was associated with higher likelihood of pneumococcal vaccination	600	Elderly ≥60 years	Changsha region	-	2021		Zhou M et al.,^Citation3
			2926	Elderly ≥60 years	Hangzhou regions	OR = 2.00 (95% CI: 1.54–2.59)	2014		Liu S et al.,^Citation11
			416	Elderly ≥60 years	Changsha region	OR = 22.24 (95% CI: 8.60–57.56)	2019		Yang et al^Citation33
4	Education level and occupation	Higher education and occupation level in elderly was associated with increased acceptance rate of pneumococcal vaccine	600	Elderly ≥60 years	Changsha region,	-	2021		Zhou M et al.,^Citation3
			11972	Elderly ≥60 years	Shanghai region,	-	2016		Xiaodong S et al.,^Citation34
			929	Elderly ≥60 years	Jiashan County	-	2016		Mengmeng Z et al.,^Citation32
			827	Elderly ≥60 years	Guangzhou	OR = 1.769 (95%CI: 1.039–3.012)	2016	Chen Jian et al.,^Citation35
			820	Elderly ≥60 years	Chaoyang District, Beijing	-	2013	Zhang G et al.,^Citation17
			389	Elderly ≥60 years	Zhengzhou High-tech Zone	-	2019	Li Liangbin^Citation36
5	Socio-economic disparities	Good family economic status was associated with high vaccination rate	886	Elderly ≥55 years	Ninghai County	-	2016		Zhang Q et al.,^Citation37
			600	Elderly ≥60 years	Baoji city	-	2015	Xu Minghong et al.,^Citation38
6	Co-morbidities	Previous vaccination history and having multiple co-morbidities was associated with higher likelihood of acceptance of pneumococcal vaccination	2,531,227 (Age >55 years = 24,16,728)	Individuals ≥15 years	Shanghai region,	OR = 1.68 (95% CI: 1.64, 1.71)	2020		Wang Y et al.,^Citation10
			416	Elderly ≥60 years	Changsha region	OR = 0.15 (95% CI: 0.03–0.70)	2019	Yang et al^Citation33
			300	Elderly ≥60 years	Xi’an city	OR = 1 589 (95% CI: 1 018–2.481)	2016	Chen Xiaoying et al.,^Citation39

Abbreviations: CI, Confidence Interval; OR, Odds Ratio.

Figure 2. Different cities have implemented city immunization program (CIP) in China for providing people over 60 years old with a free pneumococcal vaccination (PPSV-23). In 2019, 16% of overall released doses were covered under CIP.

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