Factors influencing Chinese female college students’ willingness to receive human papillomavirus vaccine: A cross-sectional study based on information-motivation-behavioral skills model

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the subjects.

Variables	All N（%）	Willingness to adopt HPV vaccine within 6 months
		Yes (%)	No (%)	P
Ethnicity				1.000
Han	444 (98.9)	104 (99.1)	340 (98.8)
Other	5 (1.1)	1(0.9)	4 (1.2)
Permanent residence (for more than one year)				0.034
Urban	195 (43.4)	55 (52.4)	140 (40.7)
Rural	254 (56.6)	50 (47.6)	204 (59.3)
Marital status of parents				0.299
In marriage	346 (77.1)	77 (73.3)	269 (78.2)
Other	103 (22.9)	28 (26.7)	75 (21.8)
Education level of parents				0.360
Junior high school or below	270 (60.1)	58 (55.2)	212 (61.6)
Senior high school (including vocational high School)	137 (30.5)	34 (32.4)	103 (30.0)
College (including technical college) and above	42 (9.4)	13 (12.4)	29 (8.4)
Living Expenses (RMB/month)				0.107
<1000	154 (34.3)	29 (27.6)	125 (36.4)
1000–2000	283 (63.0)	71 (67.6)	212 (61.6)
>2000	12 (2.7)	5 (4.8)	7 (2.0)
Major in school				0.516
Science	196 (45.0)	43 (42.2)	153 (45.8)
Liberal art	240 (55.0)	59 (57.8)	181 (54.2)
Ever heard of HPV				0.001
Yes	234 (52.1)	70 (66.7)	164 (47.7)
No	215 (47.9)	35 (33.3)	180 (52.3)
Ever heard of the HPV vaccine				<.001
Yes	229 (51.0)	70 (66.7)	159 (46.2)
No	220 (49.0)	35 (33.3)	185 (53.8)

Table 2. Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis.

Constructs	Variables	Corresponding items	Item scores	Cronbach’s alpha	Factor loading
Information				0.600
	Ia	HPV is related to sexual behavior	1 = Agree; 0 = Disagree or do not know		0.72
	Ib	HPV infection may result in oral cancer, condyloma acuminatum, and anal cancer	1 = Agree; 0 = Disagree or do not know		0.53
	Ic	Regular cervical cancer screening is unnecessary after HPV vaccination	1 = Disagree; 0 = Agree or do not know		0.71
Motivation				0.784
	Ma	Getting vaccinated for HPV will help protect one from HPV infection	1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neither disagree nor agree, 4 = agree, 5 = strongly agree		0.78
	Mb	Getting vaccinated for HPV will reduce one’s risk of cervical cancer	1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neither disagree nor agree, 4 = agree, 5 = strongly agree		0.79
	Mc	It is necessary to vaccinate against HPV even if you are in a committed relationship	1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neither disagree nor agree, 4 = agree, 5 = strongly agree		0.67
Behavioral skills				0.798
	Ba	I feel confident in my ability to get vaccinated for HPV, even if worried about the possible side effects	1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neither disagree nor agree, 4 = agree, 5 = strongly agree		0.77
	Bb	I feel confident in my ability to get vaccinated for HPV, even if getting the short hurts a little	1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neither disagree nor agree, 4 = agree, 5 = strongly agree		0.86
	Bc	I feel confident in my ability to get vaccinated for HPV, even if it is expensive	1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neither disagree nor agree, 4 = agree, 5 = strongly agree		0.64
Willingness	Willingness	Would you like to get the HPV vaccine in the next 6 months	1 = Yes; 0 = No	—	—

Figure 1. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model of willingness of human papillomavirus vaccination uptake among Chinese female college students (N = 449). Path coefficients are standardized.

Table 3. The fit indices of the revised model.

	χ^2	df	χ^2/df	GFI	AGFI	RMSEA
Recommended Values	N/A	N/A	<3.000	>0.900	>0.900	<0.060
Revised model	23.573	14	1.684	0.984	0.959	0.044

Table 4. Path coefficients of the final IMB model.

Pathway	Regression coefficient	Standardized regression coefficient	SE	P
Behavioral skills←Motivation	0.552	0.475	0.086	<0.001
Behavioral skills←Information	0.076	0.065	0.076	0.317
Bb←Behavioral skills	0.548	0.857	0.030	<0.001
Ba←Behavioral skills	0.48	0.771	0.030	<0.001
Ia←Information	0.356	0.717	0.038	<0.001
Ib←Information	0.264	0.53	0.030	<0.001
Ic←Information	0.311	0.707	0.034	<0.001
Willingness←Behavioral skills	0.116	0.318	0.022	<0.001
Willingness←Information	−0.001	−0.003	0.026	0.967
Willingness←Motivation	0.017	0.041	0.030	0.562
Bc←Behavioral skills	0.399	0.638	0.030	<0.001
Ma←Motivation	0.536	0.777	0.031	<0.001
Mb←Motivation	0.492	0.791	0.028	<0.001
Mc←Motivation	0.493	0.675	0.034	<0.001