The association between adverse events of COVID-19 vaccination and anxiety and willingness to receive a booster dose

Figures & data

Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of the participants.

Characteristics	No.(n = 474)	Percentage
Sex
Male	189	39.9%
Female	285	60.1%
Age in groups
16–25	281	59.3%
26–35	73	15.4%
36–45	55	11.6%
46–55	38	8.0%
56–65	18	3.8%
>65	9	1.9%
Student
Yes	268	56.5%
No	206	43.5%
Education
Illiteracy	6	1.3%
Primary school	16	3.4%
Junior high school	39	8.2%
Senior high school	92	19.4%
College	321	67.7%

Table 2. Factors associated with anxiety level of the participants.

Characteristics	Anxiety scale			χ2	p-value
	0	1-4	≥5			OR (95% CI)*
Sex				0.538	.560
Male	139 (39.4%)	37 (39.8%)	13 (46.4%)			1.00 (REF)
Female	214 (60.6%)	56 (60.2%)	15 (53.6%)			0.90 (0.58–1.41)
Age in groups				1.05	.306
≤25	214 (60.6%)	52 (55.9%)	15 (53.6%)			1.00 (REF)
>25	139 (15.6%)	41 (17.2%)	13 (7.1%)			1.10 (0.37–3.28)
Student				0.88	.401
No	204 (57.8%)	49 (52.7%)	15 (53.6%)			1.00 (REF)
Yes	149 (42.2%)	44 (47.3%)	13 (46.4%)			0.96 (0.32–2.85)
Education				7.785	.791
Illiteracy	2 (0.6%)	3 (3.2%)	1 (3.6%)			1.00 (REF)
Primary school	12 (3.4%)	4 (4.3%)	0(0.0%)			0.31 (0.05–2.13)
Junior high school	31 (8.8%)	6 (6.5%)	2 (7.1%)			0.29 (0.05–1.61)
Senior high school	69 (19.5%)	19 (20.4%)	4 (14.3%)			0.38 (0.08–1.90)
College	239 (67.7%)	61 (65.6%)	21 (75.0%)			0.39 (0.08–1.89)
Adverse event during the first dose				39.50	<.001
No	269 (76.2%)	43 (46.2%)	12 (42.9%)			1.00 (REF)
Yes	84 (23.8%)	50 (53.8%)	16 (57.1%)			2.48 (1.39–4.43)
Adverse event during the second dose				31.835	<.001
No	267 (75.6%)	48 (51.6%)	11 (39.3%)			1.00 (REF)
Yes	86 (24.4%)	45 (48.4%)	17 (60.7%)			1.77 (0.98–3.17)

* OR: Odds Ratio, was estimated using ordinal logistic regression model mutually adjusted for sex, age, student, education, and adverse events. CI: confidence interval.

Table 3. Specific adverse events and the association with anxiety level.

Characteristics	Anxiety scale			χ2	p-value
	0	1–4	≥5
Adverse event during the first dose
Pain at the injection site				30.895	<.001
Yes	49 (13.9%)	34 (36.6%)	11 (39.3%)
No	304 (86.1%)	59 (63.4%)	17 (60.7%)
Fatigue				26.604	<.001
Yes	31 (8.8%)	23 (24.7%)	7 (25.0%)
No	322 (91.2%)	70 (75.3%)	21 (75.0%)
Fever				4.270	.290
Yes	1 (0.3%)	2 (2.2%)	0 (0.0%)
No	352 (99.7%)	91 (97.8%)	28 (100%)
Muscle pain				1.638	.236
Yes	25 (7.1%)	10 (10.8%)	3 (10.7%)
No	328 (92.9%%)	83 (89.2%)	25 (89.3%)
Headache				3.706	.429
Yes	3 (0.8%)	3 (3.2%)	0 (0.0%)
No	350 (99.2%)	90 (96.8%)	28 (100%)
Cough
No	353 (100%)	93 (100%)	28 (100%)
Diarrhea, nausea and vomiting				3.706	.429
Yes	3 (0.8%)	3 (3.2%)	0 (0.0%)
No	350 (99.2%)	90 (96.8%)	28 (100%)
Allergy
No	353 (100%)	93 (100%)	28 (100%)
Adverse event during the second dose
Pain at the injection site				23.875	<.001
Yes	48 (13.6%)	24 (25.8%)	13 (46.4%)
No	305 (86.4%)	69 (74.2%)	15 (53.6%)
Fatigue				22.132	<.001
Yes	27 (7.6%)	20 (21.5%)	8 (28.6%%)
No	326 (92.4%)	73 (78.5%)	20 (71.4%)
Fever				2.262	.133
Yes	3 (0.8%)	2 (2.2%)	1 (3.6%)
No	350 (99.2%)	91 (97.8%)	27 (96.4%)
Muscle pain				8.804	.006
Yes	20 (5.7%)	13 (14.0%)	4 (14.3%)
No	333 (94.3%)	80 (86.0%)	24 (85.7%)
Headache				11.002	.002
Yes	4 (1.1%)	6 (6.5%)	2 (7.1%)
No	349 (98.9%)	87 (93.5%)	26 (92.9%)
Cough				0.344	.586
Yes	1 (0.3%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
No	352 (99.7%)	93 (100%)	28 (100.0%)
Diarrhea, nausea and vomiting				6.472	.236
Yes	3 (0.8%)	4 (4.3%)	0 (0.0%)
No	350 (99.2%)	89 (95.7%)	28 (100%)
Allergy				2.873	.130
Yes	2 (0.6%)	1 (1.1%)	1 (3.6%)
No	351 (99.4%)	92 (98.9%)	27 (96.4%)

Table 4. Factors influencing willingness to receive booster dose of vaccine.

Characteristics	Willingness to receive vaccine		χ2	p-value	OR (95% CI)*
	Yes	No
Sex			1.712	.191
Male	138 (38.2%)	51 (45.1%)			1.00 (REF)
Female	223 (61.8%)	62 (54.9%)			1.44 (0.92–2.25)
Age in groups			3.908	.048
≤25	205 (56.8%)	76 (67.3%)			1.00 (REF)
>25	156 (43.2%)	37 (32.7%)			2.56 (0.88–7.46)
Student			2.390	.122
No	164 (45.4%)	42 (37.2%)			1.00 (REF)
Yes	197 (54.6%)	71 (62.8%)			1.50 (0.53–4.23)
Education			6.108	.191
Illiteracy	3 (0.8%)	3 (2.7%)			1.00 (REF)
Primary school	12 (3.3%)	4 (3.5%)			2.71 (0.36–20.25)
Junior high school	31 (8.6%)	8 (7.1%)			3.77 (0.61–23.35)
Senior high school	77 (21.3%)	15 (13.3%)			6.38 (1.10–36.93)
College	238 (65.9%)	83 (73.5%)			3.68 (0.67–20.23)
Adverse event during the first dose			0.166	.683
No	245 (67.9%)	79 (69.9%)			1.00 (REF)
Yes	116 (32.1%)	34 (30.1%)			1.48 (0.77–2.83)
Adverse event during the second dose			0.160	.690
No	250 (69.3%)	76 (67.3%)			1.00 (REF)
Yes	111 (30.7%)	37 (32.7%)			0.68 (0.36–1.29)

* OR: Odds Ratio, was estimated using logistic regression model mutually adjusted for sex, age, student, education, and adverse events. CI: confidence interval.