Knowledge mapping of B cell and atherosclerosis over the past 20 years: A bibliometric analysis

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flowchart of literature selection about “B cell and AS”.

Figure 2. The increasing tendency of the number of publications. (a) The annual number of publications. (b) The average citations per year. (c) Countries’ publications over time.

Table 1. Top 10 countries/regions and institutions about “B cell and AS”.

Rank	Country/regions	Record count	Institution	Record count
1	USA (North America)	339(21.89%)	Medical University of Vienna (Austria)	40(1.40%)
2	China (Asia)	222(14.33%)	University of California San Diego (USA)	35(1.22%)
3	Germany (Europe)	116(7.49%)	University of Virginia (USA)	30(1.05%)
4	United Kingdom (Europe)	93(6.00%)	Karolinska Institute (Sweden)	29(1.01%)
5	Netherlands (Europe)	80(5.16%)	Leiden University (Netherlands)	28(0.98%)
6	Italy (Europe)	72(4.65%)	Harvard University (USA)	26(0.91%)
7	France (Europe)	68(4.39%)	University of Cambridge (UK)	26(0.91%)
8	Sweden (Europe)	67(4.33%)	Austrian Academy of Sciences (Austria)	25(0.87%)
9	Austria (Europe)	52(3.36%)	Inserm (France)	23(0.80%)
10	Japan (Asia)	52(3.36%)	Lund University (Sweden)	22(0.77%)

Figure 3. The visualization of countries/regions and co-cited institutions. (a) CiteSpace network analysis map of countries/regions. (b) VOSviewer network analysis map of countries/regions. (C) CiteSpace network analysis map of institutions. (d) VOSviewer network analysis map of institutions.

Figure 4. Major disciplines network analysis map by CiteSpace.

Table 2. Top 10 disciplines about “B cell and AS”.

Rank	Count	Centrality	Discipline
1	211	0.3	Immunology
2	182	0.05	Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems
3	178	0.02	Peripheral Vascular Disease
4	124	0.4	Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
5	116	0	Hematology
6	102	0.14	Medicine, Research and Experimental
7	89	0.26	Pharmacology and Pharmacy
8	88	0.14	Cell Biology
9	57	0.01	Multidisciplinary Sciences
10	41	0.01	Endocrinology and Metabolism

Table 3. Top 10 authors, cited authors and co-cited authors about “B cell and AS”.

Rank	Authors	Count	Cited Authors	Citation	Co-cited Authors	Citation
1	Binder Christoph J.	31	Binder Christoph J.	3055	Hansson GK	424
2	Mallat Ziad	25	Witztum Joseph L.	2791	Kyaw T	414
3	Mcnamara Coleen A.	20	Tabas Ira	2155	Libby P	328
4	Witztum Joseph L.	18	Ron David	1867	Ait-Oufella H	286
5	Kuiper Johan	16	Mallat Ziad	1833	Binder CJ	279
6	Kyaw Tin	16	Guzik Tomasz J.	1751	Caligiuri G	222
7	Toh Ban-Hock	16	Ley Klaus	1708	Ridker PM	183
8	Bobik Alex	15	Harrison David G.	1509	Sage AP	175
9	Srikakulapu Prasad	14	Brown Kathryn A.	1281	Zhou XH	174
10	Tsiantoulas Dimitrios	14	Dikalov Sergey	1281	Palinski W	173

Figure 5. The visualization of authors and co-cited authors. (a) CiteSpace network analysis map of authors; (b) VOSviewer network analysis map of authors; (c) CiteSpace network analysis map of co-cited authors; (d) VOSviewer network analysis map of co-cited authors.

Table 4. Top 15 journals and co-cited journals about “B cell and AS”.

Rank	Journal	Count	If	Co-cited journal	Co-citation	If
1	Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology	65(6.12%)	10.514	Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology	3125	10.514
2	Frontiers in Immunology	39(3.67%)	8.786	Circulation	2687	39.918
3	Circulation Research	33(3.11%)	23.213	Journal of Immunology	2572	5.426
4	Atherosclerosis	32(3.01%)	6.847	Journal of Clinical Investigation	2030	19.456
5	Plos One	26(2.45%)	3.752	Circulation Research	1857	23.213
6	Molecular Medicine Reports	25(2.35%)	3.423	Journal of Experimental Medicine	1681	17.579
7	Journal of Immunology	24(2.26%)	5.426	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America	1567	12.779
8	Cardiovascular Research	19(1.79%)	13.081	Atherosclerosis	1296	6.847
9	Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine	16(1.51%)	5.846	Journal of Biological Chemistry	1296	5.486
10	International Journal of Molecular Sciences	12(1.13%)	6.208	Nature	1238	69.504
11	Current Pharmaceutical Design	11(1.04%)	3.31	Immunity	1005	43.474
12	Autoimmunity Reviews	10(0.94%)	17.39	Nature Medicine	959	87.241
13	International immunopharmacology	10(0.94%)	5.714	Plos One	956	3.752
14	Scientific Reports	10(0.94%)	4.996	New England Journal of Medicine	904	176.079
15	Circulation	9(0.85%)	39.918	Nature Reviews Immunology	890	108.555

Figure 6. Network analysis map of journals. (a) The visualization of journals. (b) The visualization of co-cited journals.

Figure 7. The dual-map overlay of journals about “B cell and AS”.

Table 5. Top 10 co-cited references about “B cell and AS”.

Rank	Citation	Title	Author	Journal	Year	Doi
1	151	Protective immunity against atherosclerosis carried by B cells of hypercholesterolemic mice^Citation25	Caligiuri G	J Clin Invest	2002	10.1172/Jci7272
2	145	B cell depletion reduces the development of atherosclerosis in mice^Citation26	Ait-Oufella H	J Exp Med	2010	10.1084/Jem.20100155
3	121	B-lymphocyte deficiency increases atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-null mice^Citation27	Major As	Arterioscl Throm Vas	2002	10.1161/01.atv.0000039169.47943.ee
4	113	Conventional B2 B cell depletion ameliorates whereas its adoptive transfer aggravates atherosclerosis^Citation28	Kyaw T	J Immunol	2010	10.4049/Jimmunol.1000033
5	109	B1a B Lymphocytes Are Atheroprotective by Secreting Natural IgM That Increases IgM Deposits and Reduces Necrotic Cores in Atherosclerotic Lesions^Citation29	Kyaw T	Circ Res	2011	10.1161/Circresaha.111.248542
6	94	The immune system in atherosclerosis^Citation30	Hansson Gk	Nat Immunol	2011	10.1038/Ni.2001
7	91	Pneumococcal vaccination decreases atherosclerotic lesion formation: molecular mimicry between Streptococcus pneumoniae and oxidized LDL^Citation31	Binder Cj	Nat Med	2003	10.1038/Nm876
8	86	Mechanisms of disease – Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease^Citation32	Hansson Gk	New Engl J Med	2005	10.1056/Nejmra043430
9	82	Natural regulatory T cells control the development of atherosclerosis in mice^Citation33	Ait-Oufella H	Nat Med	2006	10.1038/Nm1343
10	72	IL-5 links adaptive and natural immunity specific for epitopes of oxidized LDL and protects from atherosclerosis^Citation34	Binder Cj	J Clin Invest	2004	10.1172/Jci200420479

Figure 8. (a) The visualization map of co-cited references. (b) Top 25 references with the strongest citation bursts.

Table 6. The titles of the 25 references with the strongest citation bursts.

Rank	Strength	Title
1	11.94	Protective immunity against atherosclerosis carried by B cells of hypercholesterolemic mice
2	9.01	Immune Mechanisms in Atherosclerosis
3	10.08	Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Artery Disease
4	10.61	The immune response in atherosclerosis: a double-edged sword
5	10.6	Immunoglobulin M Is Required for Protection Against Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor – Deficient Mice
6	23.34	B cell depletion reduces the development of atherosclerosis in mice
7	17.9	Conventional B2 B Cell Depletion Ameliorates whereas Its Adoptive Transfer Aggravates Atherosclerosis
8	20.34	B1a B Lymphocytes Are Atheroprotective by Secreting Natural IgM That Increases IgM Deposits and Reduces Necrotic Cores in Atherosclerotic Lesions
9	14.88	The immune system in atherosclerosis
10	9.11	B-Cell Aortic Homing and Atheroprotection Depend on Id3
11	14.2	BAFF Receptor Deficiency Reduces the Development of Atherosclerosis in Mice – Brief Report
12	10.3	Depletion of B2 but Not B1a B Cells in BAFF Receptor-Deficient ApoE−/− Mice Attenuates Atherosclerosis by Potently Ameliorating Arterial Inflammation
13	8.89	Immune Effector Mechanisms Implicated in Atherosclerosis: From Mice to Humans
14	15.95	B Cells and Humoral Immunity in Atherosclerosis
15	11.47	B-1b Cells Secrete Atheroprotective IgM and Attenuate Atherosclerosis
16	10.17	Control of the T Follicular Helper – Germinal Center B-Cell Axis by CD8^+ Regulatory T Cells Limits Atherosclerosis and Tertiary Lymphoid Organ Development
17	8.94	Regulatory B Cell – Specific Interleukin-10 Is Dispensable for Atherosclerosis Development in Mice
18	8.94	B regulatory cells are increased in hypercholesterolaemic mice and protect from lesion development via IL-10
19	11	Adaptive Response of T and B Cells in Atherosclerosis
20	19.11	Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease
21	13.27	Marginal zone B cells control the response of follicular helper T cells to a high-cholesterol diet
22	12.97	The role of B cells in atherosclerosis
23	9.55	The immunology of atherosclerosis
24	8.72	Single-cell immune landscape of human atherosclerotic plaques
25	8.72	Immunity and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis

Table 7. Top 44 keywords on the research of “B cell and AS”.

Rank	Keywords	Counts	Rank	Keywords	Counts
1	atherosclerosis	432	23	IgM	16
2	inflammation	188	24	mice	16
3	B cells	108	25	autoantibodies	15
4	macrophages	62	26	immune cells	15
5	cardiovascular disease	61	27	myocardial infarction	15
6	T cells	58	28	adaptive immunity	14
7	apoptosis	54	29	immune infiltration	14
8	immunity	43	30	chemokines	13
9	cytokines	41	31	oxidative stress	13
10	lymphocytes	31	32	vaccine	13
11	antibodies	28	33	endothelium	12
12	endothelial cells	26	34	hypertension	12
13	autoimmunity	25	35	immune response	12
14	systemic lupus erythematosus	25	36	innate immunity	12
15	monocytes	24	37	aging	11
16	coronary artery disease	21	38	cancer	11
17	cholesterol	20	39	natural antibodies	11
18	rheumatoid arthritis	20	40	obesity	11
19	dendritic cells	18	41	CD40	10
20	leukocytes	18	42	NK cells	10
21	NF-kappa b	18	43	rituximab	10
22	biomarkers	17	44	vascular smooth muscle cells	10

Figure 9. (a) The visualization of keyword analysis. (b) The visualization of trend topic analysis.

Caligiuri G, Nicoletti A, Poirier B, Hansson GK. Protective immunity against atherosclerosis carried by b cells of hypercholesterolemic mice. J Clin Invest. 2002;109(6):745–53. doi:10.1172/JCI7272.

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Ait-Oufella H, Herbin O, Bouaziz JD, Binder CJ, Uyttenhove C, Laurans L, Taleb S, Van Vré E, Esposito B, Vilar J, et al. B cell depletion reduces the development of atherosclerosis in mice. J Exp Med. 2010;207(8):1579–87. doi:10.1084/jem.20100155.

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Major AS, Fazio S, Linton MF. B-lymphocyte deficiency increases atherosclerosis in ldl receptor-null mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002;22(11):1892–8. doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000039169.47943.ee.

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Kyaw T, Tay C, Khan A, Dumouchel V, Cao A, To K, Kehry M, Dunn R, Agrotis A, Tipping P, et al. Conventional b2 b cell depletion ameliorates whereas its adoptive transfer aggravates atherosclerosis. J Immunol. 2010;185(7):4410–9. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1000033.

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Kyaw T, Tay C, Krishnamurthi S, Kanellakis P, Agrotis A, Tipping P, Bobik A, Toh BH. B1a b lymphocytes are atheroprotective by secreting natural igm that increases igm deposits and reduces necrotic cores in atherosclerotic lesions. Circ Res. 2011;109(8):830–4. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.248542.

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Hansson GK, Hermansson A. The immune system in atherosclerosis. Nat Immunol. 2011;12(3):204–12. doi:10.1038/ni.2001.

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Binder CJ, Hörkkö S, Dewan A, Chang MK, Kieu EP, Goodyear CS, Shaw PX, Palinski W, Witztum JL, Silverman GJ. Pneumococcal vaccination decreases atherosclerotic lesion formation: molecular mimicry between streptococcus pneumoniae and oxidized ldl. Nat Med. 2003;9(6):736–43. doi:10.1038/nm876.

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Hansson GK. Mechanisms of disease - inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(16):1685–95. doi:10.1056/NEJMra043430.

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Ait-Oufella H, Salomon BL, Potteaux S, Robertson A, Gourdy P, Zoll J, Merval R, Esposito B, Cohen JL, Fisson S, et al. Natural regulatory t cells control the development of atherosclerosis in mice. Nat Med. 2006;12(2):178–80. doi:10.1038/nm1343.

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Binder CJ, Hartvigsen K, Chang MK, Miller M, Broide D, Palinski W, Curtiss LK, Corr M, Witztum JL. Il-5 links adaptive and natural immunity specific for epitopes of oxidized ldl and protects from atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest. 2004;114(3):427–37. doi:10.1172/jci200420479.

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