Evaluating the accessibility and capacity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and analyzing convenience-related factors during the Omicron variant epidemic in Beijing, China

Figures & data

Figure 1. Number of daily SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations and the division of the five periods. The solid blue line shows the number of daily vaccinations in Beijing from October 12, 2022 to May 12, 2023, green arrows and font show policy changes, and red font shows the epidemic trend. The gray boxes mark the five periods chosen for the study. The Spring festival (from January 21 to 27, 2023) and May Day holidays (from April 29, to May 3, 2023) were excluded. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Table 1. Implementation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination services in different areas of Beijing.

Key interventions delivered	Urban	Near-suburb	Outer-suburb	Total
Vaccination services (n%)^a or mean (95%CI)^b
Number of vaccination sites	108	121	70	299
Providing vaccination for people aged ≥3 years ^a	75 (70.4)	75 (62.0)	50 (71.4)	200 (66.9)
Providing house-to-house vaccination services ^a	105 (97.2)	115 (95.0)	64 (91.4)	284 (95.0)
Frequency of house-to-house vaccination services per week per site^b	5 (1‒9)	7 (2‒11)	8 (2‒8)	6 (4‒8)
Providing mobile vaccination^a	19 (17.6)	8 (5.6)	4 (5.6)	31 (10.4)
Frequency of mobile vaccination services per week per sites^b	0.3 (0.1‒0.57)	0.2 (0‒0.4)	0.1 (0‒0.2)	0.2 (0.1‒0.3)
Vaccination service hours per week per site^b	38.6 (36.3‒50.0)	26.4 (22.7‒30.2)	9.6 (5.3‒11.5)	26.7 (25.0‒28.6)
Vaccination types per site^b	6 (5.3‒7.2)	7 (6.2‒73)	5 (4.5‒6.2)	6 (6.1‒6.5)
Total number of staff members per site^b	18 (12‒23)	16 (10‒22)	13 (8‒17)	16 (15‒18)
Number of staff members per day per site^b	7 (4‒10)	5 (4‒7)	5 (4‒6)	6 (5‒6)
Daily average number of vaccinations per site	28 (16‒40)	15 (12‒21)	10 (8‒12)	18 (15‒18)
Evaluation indicators of vaccination service resource allocation in urban, near-suburb, and outer-suburb areas
S1: The number of vaccination sites per 100 Km^2	14	2	1	33
S2: The number of staff members providing vaccination services per 10,000 residents	1	1	2	6
D1: The daily doses of vaccines administered by each staff member	4	3	2	3

Urban areas: Dongcheng, Xicheng, Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai, and Shijingshan districts; near-suburb areas: Daxing, Tongzhou, Shunyi, Changping, Mentougou, Fangshan, and the economic and technological development zone; outer-suburb areas: Huairou, Pinggu, Miyun, and Yanqing district; ^an (%): number of eligible vaccination sites (proportion of the vaccination sites among the eligible vaccination sites); ^bmean (95%CI): mean of the variable at each vaccination site (95%CI). CI, confidence interval; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Figure 2. Accessibility and capacity of vaccination services in Beijing. Panel a describes the distribution of vaccination sites and the results of hot spot analysis; panel b describes the results of average nearest neighbor analysis; and panel c describes the results of Ripley’s K function analysis.

Figure 3. Real demand for vaccination in different areas in Beijing during the selected three periods. Period B: the period at the beginning of the epidemic when the daily doses of vaccines increased; period C: the period of the vaccination and epidemic peak; period E: the period at the later phase of the epidemic when the daily doses of vaccines decreased.

Table 2. Univariate and multivariate analysis of interventions to promote SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Key interventions delivered	Total n (%)	Univariate analysis^a			Generalized estimating equations^b
		Mean (95%CI)	Statistics	p	β（95%CI）	P
Vaccination services (N = 299)
Vaccinated population			t = 2.34	.019		<.001
>18 years old	99 (33.1)	21.4 (17.8‒25.1)			Ref
>3 years old	200 (66.9)	27.5 (23.9‒31.2)			5.29 (2.97‒6.53)
Providing house-to-house vaccination services			t = 0.27	.79		.647
No	15 (5.0)	27.4 (11.7‒43.1）			Ref
Yes	284 (95.0)	25.4 (22.6‒28.2）			−1.19 (−6.28–3.90)
Frequency of house-to-house vaccination services per week		5.90 (4.24‒7.55)	r = −0.03	.693	−0.003 (−0.06–0.05)	.898
Providing mobile vaccination vehicles			t = 1.35	.184		.939
No	268 (89.6)	24.8 (22.0‒27.6）			Ref
Yes	31 (10.4)	31.8 (21.6–42.1）			0.20 (−4.95 to 5.35)
Frequency of mobile vaccination vehicle services per week		0.22 (0.11‒0.33)	r = 0.06	.252	−0.81 (−3.91 to 3.75)	.967
Vaccination service hours per week		26.79 (24.99‒28.58)	r = 0.27	<.001	0.18 (0.08‒0.36)	.007
Vaccine types		6.30 (6.10‒6.50)	r = 0.22	<.001	1.38 (0.88‒1.92)	<.001
Total number of staff		16.25 (14.64‒17.86)	r = 0.14	.015	0.06 (−0.06‒0.19)	.348
Number of staff members per day		5.54 (5.09‒5.99)	r = 0.24	<.001	1.26 (0.62‒1.90)	<.001

^aAnalyzed using Student’s t-tests or Pearson correlation analysis; ^bAnalyzed using generalized estimating equations; five periods were set as panel variables to adjust for policy and epidemic trends. The model was adjusted for the population infection rate of coronavirus disease 2019, rate of series of primary series vaccinations, population density, age ratio, and disposable personal income when analyzing the association between vaccination services and average number of daily vaccinations. CI, confidence interval; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Data availability statement

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author, [Li], upon reasonable request.