Lower rate of mpox vaccination hesitancy and medical consultation among Chinese men who have sex with men living with HIV in comparison with those living without HIV: A national observational study

Figures & data

Table 1. Population characteristics by mpox status among men who have sex with men in China.

Characteristics	Overall (n, %)	Mpox		Vaccination hesitation		Consultation hesitation
		n（%）	P-value	n（%）	P-value	n（%）	P-value
	7196	49 (0.68)		391 (5.43)		1063 (14.77)
Age group (years)			.526		<.001		<.001
18 ~ 35	5217 (72.50)	38 (0.73)		252 (4.83)		721 (13.82)
≥36	1979 (25.67)	11 (0.56)		139 (7.02)		342 (17.28)
Occupation			.011		<.001		.756
Employed	6447 (89.59)	38 (0.59)		328 (5.09)		949 (14.72)
Unemployed	749 (10.41)	11 (1.47)		63 (8.41)		114 (15.22)
Education level			<.001		.01		<.001
Junior high school and below	620 (8.62)	10 (1.61)		47 (7.58)		133 (21.45)
High school	2825 (39.26)	26 (0.92)		148 (5.24)		418 (14.80)
Undergraduate	3018 (41.94)	8 (0.27)		145 (4.80)		423 (14.02)
Postgraduate and above	733 (10.19)	5 (0.68)		51 (6.96)		89 (12.14)
Marital status			.02		.002		.001
Married	952 (13.23)	13 (1.37)		70 (7.35)		179 (18.80)
Unmarried	5738 (79.74)	34 (0.59)		285 (4.97)		808 (14.08)
Widowed or divorced	506 (7.03)	2 (0.40)		36 (7.11)		76 (15.02)
Ethnicity			.097		.139		<.001
Han	6462 (89.80)	40 (0.62)		342 (5.29)		920 (14.24)
Minorities	734 (10.20)	9 (1.23)		49 (6.68)		143 (19.48)
Residence			.406		.192		<.001
Eastern region	3190 (44.33)	21 (0.66)		173 (5.42)		440 (13.79)
Western region	2528 (35.13)	21 (0.83)		125 (4.94)		432 (17.09)
Central region	1478 (20.54)	7 (0.47)		93 (6.29)		191 (12.92)
Sexual orientation			.023		.016		.896
Homosexual	5471 (76.03)	30 (0.55)		277 (5.06)		806 (14.73)
Bisexual and unsure	1725 (23.97)	19 (1.10)		114 (6.61)		257 (14.90)
Mpox-related knowledge			.312		<.001		<.001
Low	483 (6.71)	3 (0.62)		63 (13.04)		407 (84.27)
Moderate	597 (8.30)	7 (1.17)		49 (8.21)		156 (26.13)
High	6116 (84.99)	39 (0.64)		279 (4.56)		500 (8.18)
Sexual diseases excluding HIV			<.001		.218		.793
No	6792 (94.39)	38 (0.56)		375 (5.52)		1001 (14.74)
Yes	404 (5.61)	11 (2.72)		16 (3.96)		62 (15.35)
Hepatitis C			<.001		.174		.011
No	6662 (92.58)	41 (0.62)		353 (5.30)		961 (14.43)
Unsure	495 (6.88)	2 (0.40)		36 (7.27)		96 (19.39)
Yes	39 (0.54)	6 (15.38)		2 (5.13)		6 (15.38)
Sexual risky behavior			<.001		.062		<.001
Low	5755 (79.97)	19 (0.33)		296 (5.14)		801 (13.92)
Moderate	1388 (19.29)	23 (1.66)		90 (6.48)		244 (17.58)
High	53 (0.74)	7 (13.21)		5 (9.43)		18 (33.96)

Table 2. Associations of HIV status with mpox virus infection, mpox vaccination hesitation, and consultation hesitation for mpox.

Outcomes	% (n/N)	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
		OR (95% CI)	P-value	aOR (95% CI)	P-value	aOR (95% CI)	P-value
Mpox virus infection
Non-HIV	0.55 (29/5276)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
HIV	1.04 (20/1920)	1.90 (1.07, 3.37)	.027	1.90 (1.04, 3.48)	.037	1.17 (0.58, 2.39)	.658
Mpox vaccination hesitation
Non-HIV	5.91 (312/5276)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
HIV	4.11 (79/1920)	0.68 (0.53, 0.88)	.003	0.64 (0.49, 0.84)	.001	0.70 (0.53, 0.92)	.011
Consultation hesitation for mpox
Non-HIV	16.22 (856/5276)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
HIV	10.78 (207/1920)	0.62 (0.53, 0.73)	<.001	0.64 (0.54, 0.76)	<.001	0.74 (0.60, 0.90)	.003

Model 1 was a univariate model; model 2 adjusted age group, occupation, ethnicity, educational level, residence and marital status; based on model 2, model 3 additionally adjusted sexual orientation, mpox-related knowledge, sexual diseases excluding HIV, hepatitis C, sexual risky behavior, and other two outcomes. OR = odds ratio; 95%CI = 95% confidence interval.

Figure 1. Subgroup analysis on associations between HIV status and consultation hesitation for mpox.

All models adjusted age group, occupation, ethnicity, educational level, residence, marital status, sexual orientation, mpox-related knowledge, sexual diseases excluding HIV, hepatitis C, sexual risky behavior, mpox virus infection and mpox vaccine hesitation. OR = odds ratio; 95%CI = 95% confidence interval.

Data availability statement

Data are obtained according to corresponding author permission.