Safety and efficiency of COVID-19 vaccine in North Africa

Figures & data

Table 1. Side effects of vaccine.

	Side effect	N = 1184%)
Local	Redness	526 (34.10)
	Pain	4 (0.25)
Systemic	Intermittent fever	495 (32.10)
	Fatigue	734 (47.60)
	Arthralgia	470 (30.50)
	Muscle pains	368 (23.90)
	Headaches	535 (34.70)
	Dizziness	5 (0.32)
	Epigastralgy	5 (0.32)
	Vomiting	7 (0.45)
	Nausea	7 (0.45)
	Chest pain	14 (0.90)
	Cough	9 (0.58)
	Tachycardia	7 (0.45)
	Menstrual disorder	11 (1.05)

Table 2. Univariate analysis of the side effect.

Variable	Side effect		p	OR [CI 95%]
	Yes n (%)	No n (%)
Gender
Female	966 (78.4)	266 (21.6)	.003	1.51 [1.14–2.00]
Male	218 (70.6)	91 (29.4)		Reference
Vaccine categories
mRNA	912 (78.8)	246 (21.2)	.002	1.51 [1.16–1.96]
Viral vector/Inactivated virus	272 (71.0)	111 (29.0)		Reference
Types of vaccine
Inactivated virus	68 (53.1)	60 (46.9)		Reference
Viral vector	204 (80.0)	51 (20.0)	≤ 10−3	3.52 [2.22–5.60]
mRNA	912 (78.8)	246 (21.2)	≤ 10−3	3.27 [2.24–4.75]
Comorbidities
Yes	264 (77.0)	79 (23.0)	.947	-
No	920 (76.8)	278 (23.2)
Age range (years old)
≤37	634 (76.8)	192 (23.2)	.930
>37	550 (76.9)	165 (23.1)		-
Tabacco
Yes	216 (75.5)	70 (24.5)	.560	-
No	968 (77.1)	287 (22.9)
Alcohol
Yes	135 (74.2)	47 (25.8)	.366	-
No	1049 (77.2)	310 (22.8)
Obesity
Yes	226 (78.2)	63 (21.8)	.540	-
No	958 (76.5)	294 (23.5)

The multivariate analysis showed that females (p = .003, OR = 1.54 [1.16–2.05]), mRNA-based vaccines and adenovirus vector were more predictive of side effects than inactivated vaccine (Table 3).

Table 3. Multivariate analysis of the side effect.

Variable	Side effect		p	OR [CI 95%]
	Yes n (%)	No n (%)
Gender
Female	966 (78.4)	266 (21.6)	.003	1.54 [1.16–2.05]
Male	218 (70.6)	91 (29.4)		Reference
Types of vaccine
Inactivated virus	68 (53.1)	60 (46.9)	≤ 10−3	Reference
Viral vector	204 (80.0)	51 (20.0)	≤ 10−3	3.60 [2.26–5.73]
mRNA	912 (78.8)	246 (21.2)	≤ 10−3	3.30 [2.26–4.80]

Table 4. Univariate analysis of the reinfection.

Variable	Reinfection		p	OR [CI 95%]
	Yes n (%)	No n (%)
Gender
Female	375 (30.4)	857 (69.6)	.740	-
Male	97 (31.4)	212 (68.6)
Types of vaccine
Non-vaccinated	340 (42.4)	461 (57.6)	≤ 10−3	Reference
mRNA	80 (15.2)	448 (84.8)	≤ 10−3	0.24 |0.18–0.31]
Viral vector	39 (27.7)	102 (72.3)	0.001	0.51 [0.34–0.76]
Inactivated virus	13 (18.3)	58 (81.7)	≤ 10−3	0.30 [0.16–0.56]
Complete vaccination before first infection
Yes	95 (15.7)	510 (84.3)	≤ 10−3	0.49 [0.31–0.76]
No	37 (27.4)	98 (72.6)		Reference
Comorbidities
Yes	105 (30.6)	238 (69.4)	.990	-
No	367 (30.6)	831 (69.4)
Age range (years old)
≤37	249 (30.1)	577 (69.9)	.650	-
>37	223 (31.2)	492 (68.8)
Tabacco
Yes	88 (30.8)	198 (69.2)	.950	-
No	384 (30.6)	871 (69.4)
Alcohol
Yes	61 (33.5)	121 (66.5)	.360	-
No	411 (30.2)	948 (69.8)
Obesity
Yes	105 (36.3)	184 (63.7)	.020	1.37 [1.05–1.80]
No	367 (29.3)	885 (70.7)		Reference

The multivariate analysis revealed that an incomplete vaccination schedule before the first infection (p ≤ 10⁻³; OR = 0.48 [0.30–0.75]) was protective factor of reinfection. However, obesity (p = .028; OR = 1.67 [1.05–2.64]), adenovirus vector vaccine (p ≤ 10⁻³; OR = 2.14 |1.37–3.34]) were more predictive of reinfection (Table 5).

Table 5. Multivariate analysis of the reinfection.

Variable	Reinfection		p	OR [CI 95%]
	Yes n (%)	No n (%)
Types of vaccine
Non-vaccinated	340 (42.4)	461 (57.6)	≤10−3	Reference
mRNA	80 (15.2)	448 (84.8)	≤10−3	0.24 |0.18–0.31]
Viral vector	39 (27.7)	102 (72.3)	.001	0.51 [0.34–0.76]
Inactivated virus	13 (18.3)	58 (81.7)	≤10−3	0.29 [0.15–0.54]
Complete vaccination before first infection
Yes	95 (15.7)	510 (84.3)	.002	0.49 [0.31–0.76]
No	37 (27.4)	98 (72.6)		Reference
Obesity
Yes	105 (36.3)	184 (63.7)	.017	1.40 [1.06–1.86]
No	367 (29.3)	885 (70.7)		Reference

Data availability statement

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.