Medical students’ knowledge about human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV vaccine and head and neck cancer

Figures & data

Table 1. Study participants characteristics.

Question	Mean or n	S.D. or %	H-Score	C-Score
			p-Value	p-Value
H-Score	20.07	3.80
C-Score	6.37	1.96
How old are you?	25.9	2.7	.020	.020
What year of study are you currently in?			<.001	.001
MS 1	34	32.69
MS 2	24	23.08
MS 3	30	28.85
MS 4	16	15.38
Sex at birth:			.300	.552
Female	61	58.65
Male	43	41.35
Have you ever had vaginal sexual intercourse?			.010	.104
Yes	86	83.5
No	17	16.5
Total = 103
Have you ever had oral sex?			.006	.028
Yes	87	86.14
No	14	13.86
Total = 101
Where have you heard about HPV? (Check all that apply)
Healthcare practitioner/hospital	86	82.69	.200	.003
Internet	64	61.54	.500	.631
Parents	32	30.77	.090	.008
Television/Radio/Magazines	30	28.85	.050	.450
Friends	29	27.88	.020	.251
Other	9	8.65	.005	.029
What stage of the HPV vaccination are you currently at?			.070	.633
I have had my 1st, 2nd and 3rd doses	60	57.69
I am yet to receive any HPV vaccination	14	13.46
I have had my 1st and 2nd doses	13	12.5
I have had my 1st dose	9	8.65
I have not been offered the vaccine	7	6.73
I do not wish to be vaccinated	1	0.96
Which of the HPV vaccines did you receive?			.001	.030
Gardasil (Quadrivalent)	22	26.83
Gardasil 9 (Nonavalent)	12	14.63
I don’t know/not sure	48	58.54
Total = 82
Do you think both males and females should be offered the vaccine?			.020	.223
Yes	101	97.12
I’m not sure/don’t know	3	2.88
Where have you seen/heard information on HPV vaccines?
T.V./Radio	29	27.88	.200	.535
Information leaflet	30	28.85	.400	.876
Poster in a pharmacy	23	22.12	.300	.2103
Internet	45	43.27	.600	.8059
School/College/University	52	50	.200	.0125
Physician/medical/nurse practitioner	64	61.54	.600	.222
I have not seen/heard anything	7	6.73	.040	.131
Other	4	3.85	.900	.700

Table 2. Average H-Score and C-Score by year of study.

	H-Scores		C-Scores
	Mean	sd (σ)	Mean	sd (σ)
MS1	17.18	4.49	5.29	1.87
MS2	20.54	2.75	6.58	1.68
MS3	21.77	1.99	7.00	1.50
MS4	19.62	1.96	6.33	2.22

Figure 1. Interaction plots for respective knowledge score linear models adjusted for “year of study” and “vaccine name”.

Table 3. Linear regression model for H-Score and C-Score adjusted for “year of study” and “Which of the HPV vaccines did you receive?”.

Linear Model of M.S. Status by Vaccine Name VS K Scores	Adjusted β (95% CI)
	H-Score	P Value	C-Score	P Value
Intercept	15.9 (15.23, 16.57)	<.001	5.03 (4.64, 5.42)	<.001
MS2	4.07 (3.1, 5.04)	<.001	1.33 (0.77, 1.89)	.02115
MS3	4.82 (3.9, 5.74)	<.001	1.39 (0.86, 1.92)	.01033
MS4	4.83 (3.73, 5.93)	<.001	2.03 (1.39, 2.67)	.00216
Quadrivalent	2.75 (1.91, 3.59)	.00161	1.2 (0.71, 1.69)	.01548
Nonavalent	1.83 (0.79, 2.87)	.08299	0.18 (−0.42, 0.78)	.76817