Why don’t they walk or cycle? Reflections on active home–school transportation among Portuguese adolescents: the role of environmental perceptions

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive analysis of the questions concerning demographic data, AT and perspective on the neighbourhood. (N = 3494) – HBSC – Portugal.

Characteristics	%	N
Gender
Female	53.6	1872
Male	46.4	1622
Age
13–15	47.1	1588
≥16	52.9	1787
Active transportation^a	35.8	1251
Doesn’t practise PA for 60 min/≥5 days a week^b	70.6	2538
Overweight and obesity^c	17.2	539
Neighbourhood features
People get on well	89.5	2953
It is safe for children to play	81.8	2699
You can trust people	77	2529
Good spare-time facilities	72.6	2386
Nightlife entertainment	35.1	1156
Violence and theft	18.2	597
Beautiful area	75.9	2488
Isolated area	24.4	800
Good public services	62.9	2060
Time spent travelling to school^d	45.5	1490

^a usually travel to school on foot or by bicycle.

^b did not do PA to the point of accelerating the heart rate and getting short of breath, for at least 60 min a day for ≥5 consecutive days, during the period of 7 days prior to this study.

^c teenagers who have a BMI of  ≥25 kg/m².

^d time spent travelling to school on a normal day >10 min.

Table 2. χ² Inferential analysis and explanatory logistic regression of the Portuguese adolescents use of AT to school.

	NO AT	AT	Adjusted OR (AT^a Ref.)	(95% CL)	p-value
	%	%
Male (Ref.)	28.8^*	17.7^*	.880	(.74–1.04)	.880
Female	35.4^*	18.1^*
≥ 16 years old (Ref.)	33.2	19.7	1.187	(1.06–1.40)	.042
13–15 years old	30.8	16.3
Does PA for 60 min/≥ 5 days a week (Ref.)^b	16.7	10.1	.997	(.83–1.21)	.997
Does PA for 60 min/< 5 days a week (Ref.)	47.6	25.6
Overweight and obesity^c	11	6.2	.728	(.58–0.91)	.873
Normal	53.6	29.2
People get on well – Yes (Ref.)	56.2	33.4	.987	(.74–1.32)	.927
People get on well – No	6.4	4
It is safe for children to play – Yes (Ref.)	52^*	29.9^*	1.022	(.82–1.28)	.852
It is safe for children to play – No	10.6^*	7.5^*
People are trustworthy – Yes (Ref.)	49.7^*	27.2^*	1.213	(.98–1.51)	.082
People are trustworthy – No	12.8^*	10.2^*
Good spare-time facilities – Yes (Ref.)	45.2	27.4	.955	(.78–1.17)	.661
Good spare-time facilities – No	17.5	9.9
Nightlife entertainment – Yes (Ref.)	20^*	15.2^*	.734	(.61–.88)	.001
Nightlife entertainment – No	42.6^*	22.2^*
Violence and theft – Yes (Ref.)	9.4^*	8.8^*	.562	(.45–.70)	.000
Violence and theft – No	53.1^*	28.7^*
Beautiful area – Yes (Ref.)	49.1^*	26.7^*	1.76	(1.4–2.20)	.000
Beautiful area – No	13.5^*	10.6^*
Isolated area – Yes (Ref.)	17.2^*	7.1^*	.659	(.55–.79)	.000
Isolated area – No	45.3^*	33.3^*
Good public services – Yes (Ref.)	36.2^*	26.8^*	1.786	(1.43–2.17)	.000
Good public services – No	26.3^*	10.7^*
Time spent travelling to school >10 min^d	32^*	13.5^*	.565	(.48–.67)	.000
Time spent travelling to school ≤ 10 min	30.4^*	24.1^*
R^2N			.101
χ^2HL; p			5.65;0.69

Notes: CI indicates the confidence intervals; OR for odds ratio; R²_N: indicates the value of Nagelkerke; χ²_HL indicates the value of Hosmer and Lemeshow test.

^* χ2 significant values for p < .05; Adjusted residuals ≥ |1.9| are considered significant (in bold).

^a Usually travel to school on foot or by bicycle.

^b Did not do PA to the point of accelerating the heart rate and getting short of breath, for at least 60 min a day for ≥5 consecutive days, during the period of 7 days prior to this study;

^c Teenagers who have a BMI of ≥25 kg/m².

^d Time spent travelling to school on a normal day > 10 min.