The impact of urban form on travel behaviour in three Baghdad neighbourhoods affected by terrorism

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map of the case study areas.

Source: Annotations by the authors on a base map sourced from Google Maps.

Table 1. Comparison of the case study areas.

Items	Centre of Rusafa	Falestin district	Haifa district
Urban form	Traditional form	Mixed form	Modern form
Land uses	The majority is commercial, residential (mixed use) and local crafts	The residential, commercial, and educational uses are considered the main uses in the district. The public use extends along and behind green zones	The majority is residential followed by public uses and services
Density	The average is two to three levels	The height average is two levels for residential use and more than two for commercial	Multi-story ranging from 5 to 16 levels for Haifa streets’ buildings and two levels for the traditional streets
Building materials	Bricks are the main elements that were used in the structures	Bricks, stones, and concrete units are used largely in building construction. Mosaic stone was used in the finishing	Pre-cast concrete is used in the building structures and finishes for Haifa Street buildings and bricks were used for traditional streets
The concept and direction of design	Traditional forms with inward orientation for rooms and functions (courtyards)	Both of modern and traditional designs were used in the district as well use of special shape and size for interior functions and windows.	Modern concepts with outward orientation
Population background	Residents are skilled and unskilled workers with low and moderate incomes	The majority of its residents are educated (lawyers, teachers, and generals) as well as merchants with high income	Most inhabitants are government and institutional staff with moderate to high incomes
Date of erection	The origin of the area extends back to the end of nineteenth century	The first erecting in the area was at the beginning of 1960’s	The modern part (Haifa St) is from the 1980’s whereas, the traditional parts are from the 1900’s
The constructional status for buildings	The majority are in moderate to bad condition	The majority are in good or very good condition	The majority of modern parts are in very good condition

Table 2. Housing tenure status.

Do you own or rent your dwelling?
	Falestin		Haifa		Centre of Rusafa
	No	Percent	No	Percent	No	Percent
Own	66	79.5	70	60.3	60	75.9
Rent	17	20.5	45	38.7	19	24.1
Total	83	100	115	100	79	100

Table 3. Household size.

How many families live at the same house?
	Falestin		Haifa		Centre of Rusafa
	No	Percent	No	Percent	No	Percent
One	8	11.6	61	57.5	10	13.2
Two	57	82.6	38	35.8	44	58.7
Three or more	4	5.8	7	6.6	21	28.0
Total	69	100.0	106	100.0	75	100.0

Table 4. Methods used to accommodate families.

If you own your dwelling, how are other families accommodated?
	Falestin		Haifa		Centre of Rusafa
	No	Percent	No	Percent	No	Percent
Repartition interior spaces	5	8.6	74	77.1	22	34.4
Use the garden	35	60.3	14	14.4	6	9.4
Add new flat	18	31.0	7	7.3	19	29.7
Total	58	100.0	95	100.0	47	100.0

Table 5. Change in meeting places.

Has the place you meet your friends changed since 2003?
	Falestin		Haifa		Centre of Rusafa
	No	Percent	No	Percent	No	Percent
Yes	53	63.1	108	93.9	33	41.8
No	31	36.9	7	6.1	46	58.2
Total	84	100.0	115	100.0	79	100.0

Table 6. Transportation route changes after 2003.

Did your route to work, school, etc. change after 2003?
	Falestin		Haifa		Centre of Rusafa
	No	Percent	No	Percent	No.	Percent
Yes	53	63.9	109	94.8	42	53.2
No	30	36.1	6	5.2	37	46.8
Total	83	100.0	115	100.0	79	100.0

Table 7. Number of cars owned.

How many cars do you own?
	Falestin		Haifa		Centre of Rusafa
	No	Percent	No	Percent	No	Percent
One	26	31.3	55	48.2	38	53.5
Two	54	65.1	49	43.0	30	42.3
Three or more	3	3.6	10	8.8	3	4.2
Total	83	100.0	114	100.0	71	100.0

Table 8. Travel Mode for district (neighbourhood) shopping/personal business.

What is the usual mode of travel used?
	Falestin		Haifa		Centre of Rusafa
	No	Percent	No	Percent	No	Percent
Walking	19	41.3	20	28.2	39	65.0
Bus	14	30.4	35	49.3	16	26.7
Car	13	28.2	14	19.7	2	3.3
Other	0	0	2	2.8	3	5.0
Total	46	100.0	71	100.0	60	100.0

Table 9. Pearson chi-square results.

	Chi-square	df	Asymp Sig.
Do you own or rent? [Table 2]	10.931	4	.027
How many families live at the same house? [Table 3]	78.354	6	0.000
If you own, how are other families accommodated? [Table 4]	124.875	12	0.000
Has the place you meet your friends changed since 2003? [Table 5]	62.934	2	0.000
Did your route to work, school, etc. change after 2003? [Table 6]
How many cars do you own? [Table 7]	13.314	4	.01
What is the mode of travel used? [Table 8]	36.809	8	0.000