The Minimum Space Standard: Proposing New House Floorplan on Dwelling Activities in Greater Jakarta Region, Indonesia

Figures & data

Table 1. The minimum area per person in several countries (Angkasa, 2018).

No	Regulation	Minimum area
1.	Indonesia (PUPR Decree No. 348/KPTS/M/2015)	9 m^2 per person
2.	Taiwan	7–10 m^2 per person
3.	Hongkong	15 m^2 per person
4.	China	20 m^2 per person
5.	Australia	89 m^2 per person
6.	UK	37 m^2 per person
7.	Germany	55 m^2 per person

Figure 1. Three levels of ergonomic analysis (Villeneuve et al., 2007).

Table 2. Indonesian anthropometric (Perhimpunan Ergonomi, 2013).

Code	Posture(s)	Code	Posture(s)	Code	Posture(s)
D1	Body height (standing) Dimension: 117,54 (5th); 152,58 (50th); 187,63 (95th); 21,30 (SD)	D13	Knee length Dimension: 37,72 (5th); 49,90 (50th); 62,08 (95th); 7,41 (SD)	D25	Front hand range-closed palm Dimension: 43,75 (5th); 56,72 (50th); 69,70 (95th); 7,89 (SD)
D2	Eye height (standing) Dimension: 108,24 (5th); 142,22 (50th); 176,20 (95th); 20,66 (SD)	D14	Popliteal length Dimension: 30,10 (5th); 39,88 (50th); 49,65 (95th); 5,94 (SD)	D26	Head length Dimension: 10,77 (5th); 17,91 (50th); 25,05 (95th); 4,34 (SD)
D3	Shoulder height(standing) Dimension: 96,60 (5th); 126,79 (50th); 156,99 (95th); 18,36 (SD)	D15	Knee height Dimension: 36,16 (5th); 48,12 (50th); 60,08 (95th); 7,27 (SD)	D27	Head width Dimension: 12,47 (5th); 16,05 (50th); 19,64 (95th); 2,18 (SD)
D4	Elbow height (standing) Dimension: 73,13 (5th); 95,65 (50th); 118,17 (95th); 13,69 (SD)	D16	Popliteal height Dimension: 31,03 (5th); 40,07 (50th); 49,10 (95th); 5,49 (SD)	D28	Palm length Dimension: 11,64 (5th); 17,05 (50t^h); 22,47 (95th); 3,29 (SD)
D5	Hip height (standing) Dimension: 73,13 (5th); 95,65 (50th); 118,17 (95th); 13,69 (SD)	D17	Side shoulder width Dimension: 26,35 (5th); 38,75 (50th); 51,16 (95th); 7,54 (SD)	D29	Palm width Dimension: 3,69 (5th); 9,43 (50th); 15,17 (95th); 3,49 (SD)
D6	Rib height (standing) Dimension: 45,58 (5th); 66,51 (50th); 84,44 (95th); 10,90 (SD)	D18	Upper shoulder width Dimension: 15,44 (5th); 31,32 (50th); 47,19 (95th); 9,65 (SD)	D30	Foot length Dimension: 14,59 (5th); 22,73 (50th); 30,87 (95th); 4,95 (SD)
D7	Fingertip height(standing) Dimension: 40,56 (5th); 60,39 (50th); 80,21 (95th); 12,05 (SD)	D19	Hip width Dimension: 21,65 (5th); 32,32 (50th); 43,00 (95th); 6,49 (SD)	D31	Foot width Dimension: 6,29 (5th); 9,14 (50th); 11,98 (95th); 1,73 (SD)
D8	Body height (sitting) Dimension: 60,93 (5th); 78,10 (50th); 95,28 (95th); 10,44 (SD)	D20	Chest thickness Dimension: 9,73 (5th); 19,22 (50th); 28,71 (95th); 5,77 (SD)	D32	Side hand range-opened palm Dimension: 111,41 (5th); 152,71 (50th); 194,00 (95th); 25,10 (SD)
D9	Eye height (sitting) Dimension: 51,11 (5th); 67,89 (50th); 84,68 (95th); 10,20 (SD)	D21	Belly thickness Dimension: 11,02 (5th); 20,58 (50th); 30,14 (95th); 5,81 (SD)	D33	Side hand half-range Dimension: 57,17 (5th); 79,88 (50th); 102,59 (95th); 13,81 (SD)
D10	Shoulder height (sitting) Dimension: 37,75 (5th); 54,89 (50th); 72,03 (95th); 10,42 (SD)	D22	Upper arm length Dimension: 21,85 (5th); 32,04 (50th); 42,23 (95th); 6,20 (SD)	D34	Up hand range-closed palm (standing) Dimension: 138,32 (5th); 185,76 (50th); 233,20 (95th); 28,84 (SD)
D11	Elbow height (sitting) Dimension: 10,84 (5th); 24,65 (50th); 38,47 (95th); 8,40 (SD)	D23	Lower arm length Dimension: 21,85 (5th); 32,04 (50th); 42,23 (95th); 6,20 (SD)	D35	Up hand range-closed palm (sitting) Dimension: 80,24 (5th); 113,42 (50th); 146,61 (95th); 20,17 (SD)
D12	Thigh thickness Dimension: 3,75 (5th); 14,70 (50th); 25,65 (95th); 6,66 (SD)	D24	Front hand range-opened palm Dimension: 48,36 (5th); 66,18 (50th); 84,00 (95th); 10,83 (SD)	D36	Front hand range-closed palm Dimension: 45,52 (5th); 64,51 (50th); 83,50 (95th); 11,54 (SD)

Table 3. Survey questions that have been elaborated on previously.

No.	Questions	Answer Choices
A	Background and Inhabitants Informations
1	Place of birth	Fill
2	Date of birth	Fill
3	Gender	Fill
4	Marital status	Fill
5	Occupation	Fill
6	Current monthly income	Fill
7	Current monthly expenditure	Fill
8	Relationship with head of the family	Fill
9	Home location (Jabodetabek)	Fill
10	Home address	Fill
11	Since when you have lived in the current house	Fill
B	Activity
1	How often do you do this activity at home?	Never
		Daily
		Weekly
		Monthly
		Annually
2	How long is the duration needed to do this activity?	Never
		0–30 minutes
		30–60 minutes
		1–2 hours
		>2 hours
3	Who is the main actor in this activity in your home?	Only the household assistant
		One of the family member
		Few family members
		Most of family members
		All family members
4	Who is involved in this activity in your home?	Individu atau privat
		Involving family
		Involving relatives or friends
		Involving general public
5	In which room do you usually do this activity?	Not specific room
		One specific room
		Two different rooms
		In all rooms
6	How much space do you need to do the activities below?	0–3 m^2
		3–6 m^2
		6–9 m^2
		9–12 m^2
		>12 m^2
7	In your opinion, from the following five motives, which one is the motivation to do this activity at home?	Urgency of Need or Health
		Just For Need or Health
		Combination of Need and Desire or Neutral
		Desire or Convenience
		Mere Desire or Convenience

Table 4. Activity space range and percentage characteristics (Author, 2019).

No.	Activity	Final space range	Majority percentage	Diagram comparison of five parameters on the space range within each activity
1	Sleeping	3–6 m^2	52.33%
2	Self-cleaning (Personal Hygiene)	0–3 m^2	53.89%
3	Cooking	3–6 m^2	50.26%
4	Praying	0–3 m^2	41.97%
5	Eating and drinking	3–6 m^2	49.22%
6	Clothing care	3–6 m^2	51.30%
7	Cleaning the house	3–6 m^2	35.75%
8	Studying and working	3–6 m^2	47.67%
9	Conducting personal hobby	3–6 m^2	38.86%
10	Interacting with family	6–9 m^2	37.31%
11	Relaxing without gadget	3–6 m^2	45.08%
12	Using gadgets	3–6 m^2	47.15%

Figure 2. Diagram of relation between activities and its zones (Author, 2019).

Table 5. Activity space characteristics (Author, 2019).

No.	Activity	Space characteristic
		Require specific space	Space zone
1	Sleeping	Yes	Private
2	Self-cleaning (personal hygiene)	Yes	Private
3	Cooking	Yes	Semi-private
4	Praying	Yes	Semi-private
5	Eating and drinking	Yes	Semi-public
6	Clothing care	Yes	Semi-private
7	Cleaning the house	No	Semi-private
8	Studying and working	No	Private
9	Conducting personal hobby	No	Semi-private
10	Interacting with family	No	Semi-public
11	Relaxing without gadget	No	Private
12	Using gadget	No	Private

Table 6. Activities clusters (Author, 2019).

	Private	Semi-private or semi-public
Require specific space	Sleeping Self-cleaning (personal hygiene) Studying and working	Cooking Eating and drinking Clothing care Conducting personal hobby Praying
Not require specific space	Relaxing without gadget Using gadget	Cleaning the house Interacting with family

Table 7. The placement of objects within minimum space.

No.	Activities	Furnitures
		Primary (>50%)	Secondary (25–50%)
1	Sleeping	Bed, pillow, bolster, blanket	Air conditioner
2	Self-cleaning (personal hygiene)	Seated closet, water tap, soap, shampoo, towel, soap container, clothes hanger	Squat latrine, jet washer, scoop, shower, bucket, bathtub, mirror, wardrobe
3	Cooking	Stove, gas tank, pot, spatula, pan, cutting boards, sink, tap water, Cutlery	Table, bowl, juicer/blender, dish, rack, water dispenser
4	Praying	Scripture, praying mat	Mukena (special attire for muslim praying ritual), saroong
5	Eating and drinking	Chair, table, dish, glass, cutlery	Sink
6	Clothing care	Washer, soap, clothes hanger, ironing mat, clothes basket	Stool, ironing table, clothesline, clothes rack
7	Cleaning the house	Broom, mop, tea cloth	Duster, brush, bucket
8	Studying and working	Table, sStationary	Chair, laptop
9	Conducting personal hobby	Sport shoes	-
10	Interacting with family	Television (TV)	Table, cutlery, couch, bed, fan, air conditioner
11	Relaxing without gadget	Bed, air conditioner	Couch, fan
12	Using gadgets	Handphone (HP), television (TV)	Chair, bed, charger, power bank, roll cable, fan, air conditioner

Figure 3. Sleeping space for one person (Author, 2019).

Figure 4. Sleeping space for two people (Author, 2019).

Figure 5. Personal hygiene space (Author, 2019).

Figure 6. Cooking space (Author, 2019).

Figure 7. Praying space (Author, 2019).

Figure 8. Eating and drinking space for one person (Author, 2019).

Figure 9. Eating and drinking space for four people (Author, 2019).

Figure 10. Clothing care space (Author, 2019).

Figure 11. Studying and working space (Author, 2019).

Figure 12. Personal hobby space (Author, 2019).

Figure 13. All activities spaces (Author, 2019).

Figure 14. All activities spaces that adding 15 cm of interior and exterior wall (Author, 2019).

Angkasa, Z. (2018). Sustainable house for low-income community in Indonesia. The 4th International Conference on Engineering and Technology Development (ICETD 2017)(ICETD 2017), 78–91.

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