Factors influencing economic wellbeing by Resettlement in urban market redevelopment: exploring the Kejetia project in Ghana

Figures & data

Table 1. Study constructs and items (indicators) source: field survey 2022.

Code	Items
LDEP	Level of Deprivation (LDEP)
LDEP1	Access to Compensation & Assistance
LDEP2	Information Access & Accuracy
LDEP3	Access to Meaningful Participation
LDEP4	Access to Relocation Options
ECOS	Economic Security (ECOS)
ECOS1	Job Security
ECOS2	Financial Security
ECOS3	Representation Security
ECOS4	Allocation Assurance
INCO	Income (INCO)
INCO1	Earned Income
INCO2	Credit Facility
INCO3	Place Equity
INCO4	Market Demand
LWET	Level of Wealth (LWET)
LWET1	Accumulation of past incomes
LWET2	Secured Customer Base
LWET3	Liability/Debt
LWET4	Material Capital
COSU	Consumption (COSU)
COSU1	Affordability of Regrettable Expenditure
COSU2	Affordability of Consumer Goods
COSU3	Affordability of Capital Goods
COSU4	Family Expenditure

Figure 1. Proposed economic wellbeing model. Source: authors’ design.

Figure 2. A location map of the case study area in Kumasi, Ghana. In the second and small map, the purple color represents the Kumasi metropolis and blue indicates the Kejetia New market area. Source: Mensah et al., 2022.

Table 2. Descriptive profile of respondents. Source: authors’ design.

Variable	Measure	Frequency	Percent
		N = 350	%
Age	Youth (15–24)	150	42.9
	Adults (25–64)	130	37.1
	Older Adults (65 and above)	70	20
Gender	Male	250	71.4
	female	100	28.6
Marital status	Married	122	34.9
	Divorce	39	11.1
	Single	148	42.3
	Widow	41	11.7
Education background	No education	140	40
	Primary school	80	22.9
	Junior high school	50	14.3
	Senior-high school	48	13.7
	Tertiary level	32	9.1
Composition of traders	Sellers	124	35.5
	Drivers	226	64.5
Annual Income Group Currency= $ USA	5500 and below	151	43.1
	5600–9500	74	21.1
	9501–15000	65	18.6
	15001 and above	60	17.1

Table 3. Construct and indicators reliability and validity. Source: authors design.

Construct	Indicators (items)	Type of measurement.	Indicator Reliability. Item loadings	Internal Consistency Reliability.	Cronbach CR Alpha		Convergent Validity. AVE
			>0.7	>0.7	>0.7		>0.5
LDEP		Reflective		0.911		0.921	0.787
	LDEP1		0.889
	LDEP2		0.912
	LDEP3		0.843
	LDEP4		0.904
ECOS		Reflective		0.898		0.913`	0.770
	ECOS1		0.948
	ECOS2		0.856
	ECOS3		0.940
	ECOS4		0.753
INCO		Reflective		0.855		0.860	0.696
	INCO1		0.852
	INCO2		0.846
	INCO3		0.863
	INCO4		0.771
LWET		Reflective		0.980		0.981	0.943
	LWET1		0.988
	LWET2		0.970
	LWET3		0.988
	LWET4		0.937
COSU		Reflective		0.936		0.940	0.955
	COSU1		0.790
	COSU2		0.960
	COSU3		0.946
	COSU4		0.964

Table 4. Heterotrait-monotrait ratio (HTMT). Source: authors’ design (SMART PLS 4.0).

Correlation between Constructs	Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio (HTMT) <0.90
ECOS <-> COSU	0.761
INCO <-> COSU	0.724
INCO <-> ECOS	0.813
LDEP <-> COSU	0.768
LDEP <-> ECOS	0.870
LDEP <-> INCO	0.832
LWET <-> COSU	0.650
LWET <-> ECOS	0.771
LWET <-> INCO	0.718
LWET <-> LDEP	0.694

Figure 3. The structural model with path coefficient, item loadings, and R square. Source: authors design.

Table 5. Significance of path coefficient and hypotheses.

Hypotheses	Path (Relationship)	Path coefficients	T statistics	P values	Supported
H1a	LDEP -> ECOS	0.790	32.749	0.000	YES
H1b	LDEP -> INCO	0.483	7.404	0.000	YES
H1c	LDEP -> COSU	0.333	5.642	0.000	YES
H2a	ECOS -> INCO	0.346	5.068	0.000	YES
H2b	ECOS -> COSU	0.232	3.513	0.000	YES
H2c	ECOS -> LWET	0.514	9.054	0.000	YES
H3a	INCO -> LWET	0.294	5.628	0.000	YES
H3b	INCO -> COSU	0.164	2.953	0.003	YES
H4a	LWET -> COSU	0.138	2.492	0.013	YES

Mensah, F., Shi, G., Qingnian, Y., Bosompem Boadi, E., Akorful Andam, F., & Anarfi Bofah, N. (2022, 24). The impact of resettlement in urban market redevelopment on Income inequality, its determinants, and implications for the resettled population: Applying the Kejetia New market exemplar, Ghana. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(24), 16682. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416682

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Data availability statement

The data supporting the findings of this study is available in the supplementary link.