Assessing the viability of enhancing logistics and supply chain operations: a case study of the Eastern Economic Corridor

Figures & data

Figure 1. An overview of multi-modal transportation in Thailand’s EEC.

Figure 2. An overview of research methodology.

Table 1. Lists of logistic performance and economic factors.

Factor	Abb.	Definition
Employment to population ratio	EPR	This factor involves comparing the number of currently employed workers to the entire working-age population in a given region. It provides insights into the level of employment and workforce participation within the logistics and supply chain sector (World Bank, 2023d).
Poverty headcount	PHR	This factor measures the proportion of the population living in poverty on a national level. It helps gauge the socio-economic conditions and challenges faced by individuals, which can have implications for logistics and supply chain activities (World Bank, 2023a).
GDP growth	GDP	This variable assesses the annual change in a country’s economic production, indicating the rate of expansion over time. The growth of the GDP is closely intertwined with the development and demand for logistics and supply chain services (World Bank, 2023e).
Transport (exports) services	CSE	This factor pertains to the export percentage of services related to passenger transport, movement of goods, rental of carriers with crews, and associated support services provided by residents of one economy for residents of another. It reflects the international trade of transportation services (World Bank, 2023f).
Transport (imports) services	CSI	This factor represents the import percentage of services related to passenger transport, movement of goods, rental of carriers with crews, and associated support services provided by residents of one economy for residents of another. It captures the demand for transportation services from other economies (World Bank, 2023b).
Competence and quality of logistics services	CQLS	This factor evaluates the competence and quality of logistics services provided within the country. It takes into account various aspects, such as efficiency, reliability, tracking, and tracing capabilities, as well as customer satisfaction (World Bank, 2023c).
Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure	QTTI	This factor assesses the quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure, including ports, roads, rail networks, and communication systems. It is crucial for the smooth flow of goods and efficient logistics operations ().
Ease of arranging competitively priced shipments	EACPS	This factor measures the ease with which competitively priced shipments can be arranged, considering factors such as customs procedures, documentation requirements, and regulatory frameworks. It influences the overall cost-effectiveness of logistics operations (Cohen et al., 2009).

Figure 3. The Pearson’s correlation result.

Table 2. The results of Pearson’s correlation (PCC), average values, and interpretation.

Factors	Dimension	PCC’s result	Average	Interpretation
EPR	Economic	− 0.65096	− 0.33536	Moderate Negative
PHR		− 0.27859
GDP		− 0.317
CSE		− 0.23246
CSI		− 0.1978
CQLS	Logistic performance	0.204682	0.317928	Moderate Positive
QTTI		0.374915
EACPS		0.374186

Table 3. The analysis of demographic.

Demographic	Results	%
Age (year)	<18	0.00%
	18–24	1.64%
	25–34	63.93%
	35–44	18.03%
	45–54	9.84%
	55–64	3.28%
	>65	3.28%
Gender	Men	31.15%
	Women	65.57%
	n/a	3.28%
Occupation	Agriculture, forestry, or fishing	6.56%
	Mining or construction	0.00%
	Manufacturing	37.70%
	Transportation or utilities	0.00%
	Wholesale or retail trade	8.20%
	Finance, insurance, or real estate	4.92%
	Professional or technical services	0.00%
	Education or healthcare services	0.00%
	Arts, entertainment, or recreation	0.00%
	Public administration	1.64%
	Other	42.62%
Educational	Vocational colleges or schools	6.56%
	Bachelor’s degree	62.30%
	Master’s degree	29.51%
	Doctoral degree	0.00%
Residential area	Urban district	62.30%
	Suburban district	37.70%

Table 4. The analysis of public transportation and regional development.

Public Transportation and Regional Development: Evaluating the Impact of the EEC High-Speed Rail Project	Results	%
How often do you use public transportation services?	Daily	1.64%
	Weekly	3.28%
	Monthly	9.84%
	Rarely	60.66%
	Never	24.59%
How long is your travel time/journey each day?	Less than 30 mins	18.03%
	From 30 mins to 1 hour	60.66%
	From 1 hours to 2 hours	18.03%
	More than 2 hours	3.28%
How many modes of transportation do you currently use for travel/tourism?	1 mode	72.13%
	2 modes	19.67%
	3 modes	4.92%
	4 modes	2.28%
	More than 4 modes	1.00%
How familiar are you EEC HSR project?	Very familiar	3.28%
	Quite familiar	11.48%
	Neutral	1.64%
	Quite unfamiliar	36.07%
	Not very familiar	21.31%
How many benefits do you foresee from the HSR project?	1	18.03%
(Options: Reduced travel time, Increased connectivity, Environmental benefits, Economic growth, Others)	2	22.95%
	3	27.86%
	4	29.50%
	All	1.63%
How much do you agree with the following statement: “The Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) HSR project is essential for the growth and economic development of the region?	Strongly agree	54.09%
	Agree	44.26%
	Neutral	1.64%
	Disagree	0.00%
	Strongly disagree	0.00%

Table 5. The analysis of an awareness of the HSR project in the EEC area.

Awareness of the HSR project in the EEC area	Results	%
If the HSR project is completed, how likely are you to use it for travel?	Very likely	54.10%
	Quite likely	29.51%
	Neutral	1.64%
	Quite unlikely	4.92%
	Very unlikely	1.64%
What factors influence your decision to use HSR services?	1	16.39%
(Options: Cost, Convenience, Travel Time, Reliability, Environment Impact)	2	21.31%
	3	29.51%
	4	14.75%
	All	32.79%

Table 6. The analysis of an economic opportunities from HSR: industry, local business, and employment perspectives.

Economic Opportunities from HSR: Industry, Local Business, and Employment Perspectives	Results	%
Which industries do you think will benefit the most from the HSR project?	Manufacturing, Transportation and logistics, Tourism and hospitality	27.87%
How do you think the HSR project will impact local businesses in your area?	Increased demand for goods and services, Greater access to new market, Improved supply chain efficiency	71.77%
In your opinion, what are the potential economic benefits of the HSR project for job seekers and the labor market?	Job creation in construction and related industries, Job creation in service and tourism industries, Improved access to job opportunities in different regions	50%

Table 7. The analysis of sustainability and social impact of the HSR project.

Sustainability and Social Impact of the HSR Project	Results	%
How important is the environmental impact of the HSR project to you?	Important	32.78%
Do you have any concerns about the environmental impact of the HSR project?	Very Important	27.89%
In your opinion, how will the HSR project impact air quality and greenhouse gas emissions in the region?	Important	36.05%
How do you think the HSR project will affect land use and urban planning in your area?	Urban expansion and land utilization	65.57%
How do you think the HSR project will affect social cohesion and access to transportation for vulnerable groups (e.g. low-income individuals, elderly, disabled)?	Reduce noise impacts	27.86%
What measures should be taken to mitigate the negative environmental impacts that may arise from the HSR project?	Affordable pricing and fares, Targeted job creation and training programs, Accessible station design and facilities, public subsidies or support for vulnerable groups	45.90%

Figure 4. The frequency of public transport usage by respondents.

Figure 5. Travel duration data of the survey respondents.

World Bank. (2023d). ‘Poverty headcount’ Retrieved February 14, 2024, from. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY

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World Bank. (2023e). ‘Transport services (service exports)’ Retrieved February 14, 2024, from. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.GSR.TRAN.ZS

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World Bank. (2023f). ‘Transport services (service imports)’ Retrieved February 14, 2024, from. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BM.GSR.TRAN.ZS

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World Bank. (2023b). ‘Logistics performance index: Competence and quality of logistics services’ Retrieved February 14, 2024. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/LP.LPI.OVRL.XQ

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