Alginate lyase: Review of major sources and classification, properties, structure-function analysis and applications

Figures & data

Table 1. Alginate lyase of different PL families from different sources and their substrate specificities

Organism	PL family	EC	Substrate specificity	Reference
Pseudomonas sp. E03	5	4.2.2.3	polyM	47
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	6	4.2.2.-	polyM, polyG	55
Flavobacterium spS20	7	4.2.2.11	polyG	17
Halitos discus hannai	14	4.2.2.-	polyM, polyG	15
Chlorella virusATCV-1	14	4.2.2.14	Alginate	40
Sphingomonas sp. A1	15	4.2.2.-	polyM, polyG	16
Saccharophagus degradans	17	4.2.2.3	polyM, polyG	45
		4.2.2.-
Pseudoalteromonas sp SM0524	18	4.2.2.3	polyM, polyG	41
		4.2.2.11

Table 2. Characteristics of alginate lyases from different PL families

PL family	Enzyme	Source	Substrate specificity	Action mode	Structure	Products (DP)	Reference
5	AlyA1-III	Sphingomonas sp. A1	polyM	endolytic	(α/α)6	2–3	37
6	AlyMG	Stenotrophomas maltophilia KJ-2	polyMG	endolytic	—	2–4	55
7	PA1167	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	polyM, polyG	endolytic	β-sandwich	2–4	39
14	vAL-1	Chlorella virus ATCV-1	polyM	endolytic	β-sandwich	2–4	40
15	Atu3025	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	polyG, polyM	exolytic	(α/α)6	1	38
17	Alg17C	Saccharophagus degradans 2–40	polyM, polyG	exolytic	(α/α)6 + β-sandwich	1	45
18	Aly-SJ02	Pseudoalteromonas sp SM0524	polyM, polyG	endolytic	β-sandwich	2–3	41

Figure 1. The overall structures of alginate lyases from different families.⁴¹

Figure 2. The substrate specificity of alginate lyase and structures of degradation products. The polysaccharide alginate containing 3 kinds of blocks (M, G, MG) is cleaved to produce a 4-deoxy-L-erythro-hex-4- enepyranosyluronate moiety (open triangle) at the newly formed non-reducing end of the product.⁴⁷

Figure 3. Multiple alignment of amino acid sequences of alginate lyases of PL 7 family. The conserved residues were overlaid with red and 3 highly conserved regions-(R/E) (S/T/N) EL, Q (I/V) H, YFKAG (V/I) YNQ were boxed in blue.

Dong S, Wei TD, Chen XL, Li CY, Wang P, Xie BB, Qin QL, Zhang XY, Pang XH, Zhou BC, et al. Molecular insight into the role of the N-terminal extension in the maturation, substrate recognition, and catalysis of a bacterial alginate lyase from polysaccharide lyase family 18. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29558-69; PMID:25210041

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