A critical review on advances in the practices and perspectives for the treatment of dye industry wastewater

Figures & data

Figure 1. Classification of wastewater treatment

Table 1. Treatment technologies for dye industrial wastewater

Sr. no.	Technology	Applications/Characteristics	References
1.	Enzymatic biodegradation [Laccase)	Decolorization of textile wastewater and textile dyes Detoxification of phenols and chlorophenols	[114]
2.	Photocatalytic degradation [Photocatalytic membrane]	Removes dyes from textile wastewater Removes industrial pollutants from textile wastewater	[115]
3.	Photocatalytic degradation [Intimate coupling of photocatalysis and biodegradation]	Achieves rapid treatment rate and high efficiency of pollutants removal under the action of microorganism and photocatalytic reaction	[116–118*]
4.	Bio electrochemical system	Removes pollutants from dye industrial wastewater with simoultaneous recovery of resources such as power/energy and heavy metals etc.	[119]
5.	Enzymatic degradation [Azoreductase]	Azoreductase enzyme breaks down azo compounds and azo dyes through reductive cleavage of azo bonds	[114]

Figure 2. Schematic presentation of different types of bio-electrochemical systems (BES) and their application

Table 2. Degradation of different dyes using bacteria

Sr. No.	Name of dye	Dye degrading bacteria	References
1	Reactive Red 198	Klebsiella variicola – Enterococcus faecalis	[120]
2	Reactive Violet 5	Staphylococcus aureus	[121]
3	Reactive Red 239	Bacillus sp. strain CH12	[122]
4	Congo red	Brevibacillus parabrevis	[123]
5	Indigo carmine	Geobacillus stearothermophilus	[124]
6	Azure B dye	Bacillus sp. MZS10	[125]
7	Hair dye	Enterobacter cloacae DDB I	[126]
8	Orange 3 K	Bacillus sp.	[127]
9	Orange M2R	Bacillus farraginis	[128]
10	Reactive Red 239	Bacillus sp. strain CH12	[122]
11	Metanil yellow [sulfonated azo dye]	Lysinibacillus sp. AK2	[129]
12	methyl orange	M. yunnaenensis	[130]
13	Direct Red 81 [DR81]	Bacillus sp. DMS2	[131]

Figure 3. Pathway for degradation of cotton blue

Table 3. Degradation of different dyes using fungi

Sr. No.	Name of dye	Dye degrading fungi	References
1	Malachite green	Trichoderma sp.	[132]
2	Industrial textile effluent	Chaetomium globosum IMA1 KJ472923	[133]
3	Reactive green dye [RGD]	Fungal strain VITAF-1	[134]
4	Crystal Violet and Cotton Blue	Coriolopsis sp.	[135]
5	Congo Red	Phoma tropica MRCH and Dichotomomyces cejpii MRCH 1–2	[136]
6	Crystal violet	Trichoderma asperellum	[137]
7	Reactive Red 31	Aspergillus bombycis	[138]
8	Reactive Violet 5 and Reactive Black 5 [diazoic]	Trametes trogii	[139]
9	Scarlet RR	Peyronellaea prosopidis	[140]
10	Different azo dyes	Aspergillus flavus	[120]
11	Poly R	Pseudoglarobasidium acaciicola	[141]
12	Direct Red 128 and Direct Blue	Trametes versicolor	[142]
13	Anthraquinone dye Brilliant Blue R and Remazol	Pycnoporus sanguineus	[143]
14	Textile dye	Trametes pubescens	[144]
	Brilliant Green	Aspergillus sp.	[145]
15	Acid Red 357 and Acid Orange 142	Trametes villosa SCS-10	[146]
16	BBKAV79 Textile industrial dyes	Marasmius sp.	[147]
17	Direct Blue-1	Aspergillus terreus GS28	[148]
18	Orange II	T. versicolor	[149]

Table 4. Degradation of different dyes using algae and yeast

Sr. No.	Microorganism	Name of Dye	Name of Algae/Yeast	References
1	Algae	Direct Red-31	Chlorella pyrenoidosa strain NCIM 2738	[150]
		Methylene Blue	C. pyrenoidosa	[100]
		Methyl orange, Methylene blue, Methyl red	Sargassum fluitanes, Sargassum natanes	[151]
		Direct Red-31	Pyrenoidosa NCIM 2738	[150]
2	Yeast	Methylene Blue (MB] and Malachite Green [MG)	Desmodesmus sp.	[152]
		Methylene Blue	Nostoc muscorum [blue-green algae]	[153]
		Azo dyes	Barnettozyma californica strain SSA1518, Yarrowia sp. strain SSA1642, Sterigmatomyces halophilus strain SSA1511	[154]
		Reactive Black 5	Sterigmatomyces halophilus SSA1575	[155]

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