Bioinformatic exploration of the immune related molecular mechanism underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension

Figures & data

Table 1. Information of microarray dataset from GEO database

Dataset	Tissue	PAH	Control	Platform
GSE15197	Lung tissue	26	13	GPL6480
GSE113439	Lung tissue	15	11	GPL6244
GSE48149	Lung tissue	18	9	GPL16221
GSE33463	Peripheral blood mononuclear cell	80	60	GPL6947

Figure 1. DEGs and biofunctional analysis

Figure 1(a): Volcano plot of 587 DEGs, of which 321 were upregulated (red) and 266 were downregulated (green). Figure 1(b): Top 20 KEGG pathways enriched of the DEGs. Figure 1(c): Top eight gene ontology (GO) enrichments of the DEGs.

Figure 2. The PPI network of DEGs and the top 20 genes with most adjacent nodes

The Figure 2(a) displays the PPI network of DEGs. Each small circle represents a gene. It is obvious in the picture that some genes are highly concentrated as a module and with interaction connect to other genes. The Figure 2(b) listed the top 20 genes in the PPI network with most adjacent nodes.

Figure 3. Immune cell infiltration in PAH and control samples

The Figure 3(a) displays the proportions of immune cell subsets in the PAH and control samples. The Figure 3(b) displays statistically significant differences in immune cell subsets.

Figure 4. Hub genes identified by LASSO

Table 2. The potential medicine of immune related genes predicted in drugBank

Genes	Protein name	Drugs	State	DrugBank ID
IL13 EGF CALCRL IL6	Interleukin-13 Epidermal growth factor Calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor Interleukin-6	Lebrikizumab Erlotinib Dacomitinib Ubrogepant Rimegepant Erenumab Siltuximab	Investigational Approved Approved Approved Approved Approved Approved	DB11914 DB00530 DB11963 DB15328 DB12457 DB14039 DB09036

Figure 5. Identification and validation the biomarkers of PAH

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the discrimination ability of CX3CR1. Figure 5(a): AUC of CX3CR1 in GSE15197, Figure 5(b): AUC of CX3CR1 in GSE113439, Figure 5(c): AUC of CX3CR1 in GSE48149, Figure 5(d): AUC of CX3CR1 in GSE33463.

Figure 6. Correlation analysis between CX3CR1 with 22 immune cells

The left image shows correlation analysis between CX3CR1 with 22 types of immune cells. The right image shows the immune cells with the strongest correlation with CX3CR1 and P-value< 0.05. The size of the dots represents the strength of correlation between gene biomarkers and immune cells. The color of the dots represents the P-value.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.