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Research Paper

Identification of four gastric cancer subtypes based on genetic analysis of cholesterogenic and glycolytic pathways

, , , , , & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 4780-4793 | Received 24 Mar 2021, Accepted 15 Jun 2021, Published online: 04 Aug 2021

Figures & data

Figure 1. Identification of molecular subtypes of gastric cancer. A: Consistent clustering of glycolysis and cholesterol genes. B: Samples were classified into four subtypes according to glycolysis and cholesterol gene expression levels (Quiescent, Glycolysis, Cholesterol and Mixed). C: Disease-specific survival time prognostic survival curves of the four molecular subtypes. D: Disease-specific survival time prognostic survival curves of the Cholesterol and Glycolysis subtypes. E: Heatmaps of 24 Cholesterol- and Glycolysis-related genes. F: Glycolysis Genes expression levels in four subtypes and normal groups in the TCGA dataset. G: Cholesterol Genes expression levels in four subtypes and normal groups in the TCGA dataset

Figure 1. Identification of molecular subtypes of gastric cancer. A: Consistent clustering of glycolysis and cholesterol genes. B: Samples were classified into four subtypes according to glycolysis and cholesterol gene expression levels (Quiescent, Glycolysis, Cholesterol and Mixed). C: Disease-specific survival time prognostic survival curves of the four molecular subtypes. D: Disease-specific survival time prognostic survival curves of the Cholesterol and Glycolysis subtypes. E: Heatmaps of 24 Cholesterol- and Glycolysis-related genes. F: Glycolysis Genes expression levels in four subtypes and normal groups in the TCGA dataset. G: Cholesterol Genes expression levels in four subtypes and normal groups in the TCGA dataset

Figure 2. Mutant molecular events in four subtypes. A: Heat map analysis of mutations of 13 molecules in four subtypes. B: CNV distribution of TP53, CTNNB1 and MYC in four subtypes

Figure 2. Mutant molecular events in four subtypes. A: Heat map analysis of mutations of 13 molecules in four subtypes. B: CNV distribution of TP53, CTNNB1 and MYC in four subtypes

Figure 3. MPC complex as a potential regulator of tumor glycolysis-cholesterol synthesis axis. A: MPC1 is mainly CNV deletion in metabolic subtypes, while MPC2 is mainly CNV amplification in metabolic subtypes. B: The expressions of MPC1 and MPC2 in the four subtypes. C: Spearman correlation coefficient analysis showed positive and negative correlation with MPC1/2 genes, respectively

Figure 3. MPC complex as a potential regulator of tumor glycolysis-cholesterol synthesis axis. A: MPC1 is mainly CNV deletion in metabolic subtypes, while MPC2 is mainly CNV amplification in metabolic subtypes. B: The expressions of MPC1 and MPC2 in the four subtypes. C: Spearman correlation coefficient analysis showed positive and negative correlation with MPC1/2 genes, respectively

Figure 4. Analysis of clinical features in subtypes. A: Analysis of Age in four subtypes. B: Analysis of Gender in four subtypes. C: Analysis of Grade in four subtypes. D: Analysis of T stage in four subtypes. E: Analysis of N stage in four subtypes. F: Analysis of M stage in four subtypes

Figure 4. Analysis of clinical features in subtypes. A: Analysis of Age in four subtypes. B: Analysis of Gender in four subtypes. C: Analysis of Grade in four subtypes. D: Analysis of T stage in four subtypes. E: Analysis of N stage in four subtypes. F: Analysis of M stage in four subtypes

Figure 5. Analysis of and immune score in subtypes. A: Distribution of StromalScore in four subtypes. B: Distribution of ImmuneScore in four subtypes. C: PDCD1 expression of in four subtypes. D: CTLA4 expression of in four subtypes

Figure 5. Analysis of and immune score in subtypes. A: Distribution of StromalScore in four subtypes. B: Distribution of ImmuneScore in four subtypes. C: PDCD1 expression of in four subtypes. D: CTLA4 expression of in four subtypes

Figure 6. Identification of differentially expressed genes. A: A total of 1966 differentially expressed genes, of which 302 are up-regulated and 1664 are down-regulated. B: 100 most expressed genes were selected for heatmap

Figure 6. Identification of differentially expressed genes. A: A total of 1966 differentially expressed genes, of which 302 are up-regulated and 1664 are down-regulated. B: 100 most expressed genes were selected for heatmap

Figure 7. Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes. A: Pathways annotated on BP for up-regulated expressed genes. B: Pathways annotated on CC for up-regulated expressed genes. C: Pathways annotated on MF for up-regulated expressed genes. D: Pathways annotated on KEGG for up-regulated expressed genes. E: Pathways annotated on BP for down-regulated expressed genes. F: Pathways annotated on CC for down-regulated expressed genes. G: Pathways annotated on MF for down-regulated expressed genes. H: Pathways annotated on KEGG for down-regulated expressed genes

Figure 7. Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes. A: Pathways annotated on BP for up-regulated expressed genes. B: Pathways annotated on CC for up-regulated expressed genes. C: Pathways annotated on MF for up-regulated expressed genes. D: Pathways annotated on KEGG for up-regulated expressed genes. E: Pathways annotated on BP for down-regulated expressed genes. F: Pathways annotated on CC for down-regulated expressed genes. G: Pathways annotated on MF for down-regulated expressed genes. H: Pathways annotated on KEGG for down-regulated expressed genes

Figure 8. GSEA enrichment analysis in the Cholesterol and Glycolysis group

Figure 8. GSEA enrichment analysis in the Cholesterol and Glycolysis group

Figure 9. Correlation analysis of glycolysis and cholesterol gene clusters with pan-cancer types. A: Clusters of co-expression pathway-specific genes in seven cancer types (OV, ESCA, CESE, LGG, LUSC, PAAD, SARC). B: The seven cancer types are also classified into four metabolic subtypes according to the clustering glycolysis and cholesterol gene expression levels. C: Disease-specific survival time prognostic survival curves of the four molecular subtypes in CESE. D: Disease-specific survival time prognostic survival curves of the four molecular subtypes in LGG

Figure 9. Correlation analysis of glycolysis and cholesterol gene clusters with pan-cancer types. A: Clusters of co-expression pathway-specific genes in seven cancer types (OV, ESCA, CESE, LGG, LUSC, PAAD, SARC). B: The seven cancer types are also classified into four metabolic subtypes according to the clustering glycolysis and cholesterol gene expression levels. C: Disease-specific survival time prognostic survival curves of the four molecular subtypes in CESE. D: Disease-specific survival time prognostic survival curves of the four molecular subtypes in LGG
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