Potential biomarkers: differentially expressed proteins of the extrinsic coagulation pathway in plasma samples from patients with depression

Figures & data

Figure 1. Experimental process for the study of the EC pathway in patients with depression

Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of recruited subjects

Variables	Depression patients
(N = 20)	Healthy controls
(N = 20)	P-value^a
Sex(M/F)	8/12	9/11	1
Age(years) ^b	45.05 ± 2.17	43.40 ± 2.15	0.97
BMI^b	22.09 ± 0.36	22.66 ± 0.43	0.43
HDRS scores^b	20.35 ± 2.39	5.37 ± 1.12	0.00

^aTwo-tailed Student’s t-test for continuous variables (age, BMI, and HDRS scores); Chi-square analysis for categorical variables (sex).

^bAge, BMI and HDRS scores are presented as the means ± SD. Abbreviations: M, male; F, female; BMI, body mass index; HDRS, Hamilton depression rating scale.

Table 2. DEPs identified by iTRAQ and ELISA

Gene ID	Gene name	Protein name	iTRAQ	ELISA
			protein expression trend	fold change
(D/H)	protein expression trend	fold change
(D/H)
2243	FGA	fibrinogen alpha chain	↑	2.6	↑	1.2
2244	FGB	fibrinogen beta chain	↑	2.4	↑	1.2
2266	FGG	fibrinogen gamma chain	↑	2.6	↑	1.1
2155	FⅦ	coagulation factor Ⅶ	↓	0.7	↓	0.9
2159	FⅩ	coagulation factor Ⅹ	↓	0.4	↓	0.9
2161	FⅫ	coagulation factor Ⅻ	↓	0.7	↑	1.2
2147	FII(PT)	coagulation factor II	↓	0.9	↑	1.0
462	SERPINC1
(AT-III)		serpin family C member 1	↓	0.7	↑	1.3
5624	PROC	protein C	↓	0.6	↑	1.4
5627	PROS1	protein S (alpha)	↓	0.6	↑	1.2

Abbreviations: D, depression patients; H, healthy controls.

Figure 2. EC pathway. The EC pathway was constructed based on IPA mapping. Green represents the down-regulated proteins, red represents the up-regulated proteins and pink circles indicate the complex formed during coagulation

Figure 3. ELISA validation of DEPs in the EC pathway from depression patients (n = 20) and controls (n = 20). (a) FGA. (b) FGB. (c) FGG. (d) FVII. Data are expressed as mean ± s.e.m. p values were obtained by Student’s t-test statistical analysis. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Acronyms: FGA, fibrinogen alpha chain; FGB, fibrinogen beta chain; FGG, fibrinogen gamma chain; FVII, coagulation factor VII

Figure 4. PPI sub-network obtained by Cytoscape. Purple – DEPs in the EC pathway verified by ELISA; red – upregulated DEGs; green – downregulated DEGs; blue – other proteins; lines – relationships

Table 3. The DEGs that interact with DEPs in the EC pathway. P-values are the average of two technical replicates calculated from the raw data

Gene Symbol	Full name	Fold Change	p value	q value	Degree
TNFRSF13B	TNF receptor superfamily member 13B	1.353296	3.17E-05	0.089379	6
NFKBIB	NFKB inhibitor beta	1.323393	0.014847	0.324840	29
HSPB1	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	1.310663	0.000262	0.130834	22
LSM6	LSM6 homolog	1.251765	0.006701	0.261199	10
RAMP3	receptor activity modifying protein 3	1.202286	0.003357	0.217228	7
SULT1E1	sulfotransferase family 1E member 1	0.828337	0.000597	0.155498	12
COX17	cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17	0.825958	0.016704	0.330279	11
FANCG	FA complementation group G	0.818217	0.004445	0.240950	14
BUB1B	BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B	0.811936	0.001696	0.181073	14
IL-2	interleukin 2	0.793038	0.001729	0.181341	10
POLD1	DNA polymerase delta 1, catalytic subunit	0.792027	0.004811	0.244754	9
PLP2	proteolipid protein 2	0.789695	0.000138	0.099669	7
BMF	Bcl2 modifying factor	0.785858	0.001491	0.171715	6

Figure 5. ClueGO results. Molecular function