Fungicides alter the distribution and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in ginseng fields

Figures & data

Table 1. The dosage of different fungicide and active ingredient in five treatments

Treatment	Fungicide	Dosage g/m^2	Active Ingredient g/m^2
C	-	-	-
D	50% Carbendazim wettable powder	5.0	2.5
E	99.5% Dimethyl disulfide agent	80.0	79.6
M	98% Dazomet particle agent	30.0	29.4
S	50% Calcium cyanamide granules	150.0	75.0

Figure 1. The dominant bacterial community response of different fungicides-based phylum (a), class (b), order (c), family (d), genus (e) level. the control (c), carbendazim (D), dimethyl disulfide (E), dazomet (m), and calcium cyanamide (s)

Figure 2. The dominant fungal community response of different fungicides-based phylum (a), class (b), order (c), family (d), genus (e) level. the control (C), carbendazim (D), dimethyl disulfide (E), dazomet (m), and calcium cyanamide (s)

Figure 3. The shift of dominant bacterial community under different fungicides at phylum (a), class (b), order (c), family (d), genus (e) level. the control (C), carbendazim (D), dimethyl disulfide (E), dazomet (m), and calcium cyanamide (s)

Figure 4. The shift of dominant fungal community under different fungicides at phylum (a), class (b), order (c), family (d), genus (e) level. the control (C), carbendazim (D), dimethyl disulfide (E), dazomet (m), and calcium cyanamide (s)

Figure 5. Alpha diversity of bacterial chao1(a), observed _species (b), PD whole tree (c) and shannon (d), and fungi chao1 (e), observed _species (f), PD whole tree (g) and shannon (h). the control (C), carbendazim (D), dimethyl disulfide (E), dazomet (m), and calcium cyanamide (s)

Figure 6. Beta diversity based bacterial principal co-ordinates (a), nonmetric multidimensional scaling (b), principal component analysis (c), fungal principal co-ordinates (d), nonmetric multidimensional scaling (e), principal component analysis (f). The control (C), carbendazim (D), dimethyl disulfide (E), dazomet (m), and calcium cyanamide (s)

Figure 7. The correlation of selected bacterial (a) and fungal (b) communities-based network analysis