Study on flow distribution pattern and conductivity of porous media in bioretention cells

Figures & data

Table 1. The flow distribution simulation in porous mediums

Application	Material	Simulation	Porous media -simulation	Reference
Fluid saturations	Sand, oil and water	Lattice Boltzmann Method	Input structure and visual observations	[8]
Permeability of porous materials	Bentheimer sandstone,	Lattice Boltzmann Method	Input structure	[9]
Permeability of filter cakes	Glass beads	Lattice Boltzmann Method	Input structure	[10]
Permeability and tortuosity of porous materials	Glass beads	Lattice Boltzmann Method	Input structure	[11]
Permeability, tortuosity, and packing of porous materials	Lava	Random Walk Simulations	Input structure	[12]
Permeability and tortuosity of porous materials	Glass beads	Random Walk Simulations	Transport properties by tracking ion	[13]
Permeability and tortuosity of porous materials	Sandstone	Random Walk Simulations	Comparison with medical CT	[14]
Bedstructure coordination number and packing distribution	Glass beads	Optimization method	Homogeneity and isotropy	[15]

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of experimental unit (seven sampling points: No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6, No. 7)

Table 2. Geometric parameters and simulation parameters of the layered bioretention model

Parameters	Cover layer	Distribution layer	Filter layer	Submerged layer	Transition layer	Drainage layer
Height (mm)	25	100	300	200	25	25
Mean diameter (d1, mm)	12	6	2	2	6	15
Void fraction (ε1, %)	44.5	44	30	33	37	45
Viscous resistance coefficient (1/α, m^−2)	3.641 × 10^6	1.534 × 10^7	6.806 × 10^8	4.684 × 10^8	3.265 × 10^7	2.213 × 10^6
Inertial resistance coefficient (C2, m^−1)	1.837 × 10^3	3.834 × 10^3	4.537 × 10^4	3.263 × 10^4	2.684 × 10^3	21.408 × 10^3

Figure 2. Static pressure in BRC under: (a) 0.5 m³/m²·d of hydraulic loading rate, (b) 1.0 m³/m²·d of hydraulic loading rate, (c) 1.5 m³/m²·d of hydraulic loading rate, and (d) 2.0 m³/m²·d of hydraulic loading rate

Figure 3. Velocity vectors in BRC under: (a) 0.5 m³/m²·d of hydraulic loading rate, (b) 1.0 m³/m²·d of hydraulic loading rate, (c) 1.5 m³/m²·d of hydraulic loading rate, and (d) 2.0 m³/m²·d of hydraulic loading rate

Figure 4. Retention time density distribution curves at different hydraulic loading rates for: (a) sampling point No. 1, (b) sampling point No. 2, (c) sampling point No. 3, (d) sampling point No. 4, (e) sampling point No. 5, (f) sampling point No. 6, and (g) sampling point No. 7

Figure 4. Continued

Figure 5. Retention time density distribution curves for different hydraulic loading rates : (a) 0.5 m³/m²·d; (b) 1.0 m³/m²·d; (c) 1.5 m³/m²·d; and (d) 2.0 m³/m²·d

Table 3. Estimated hydraulic parameters based on impulse tracer test data

Hydraulic loading rates (m^3/m^2·d)	tm (h)	tn (h)	tp (h)	σ^2 (h^2)	σθ^2	N (h^−1)	tθ (h)	λ
0.5	8.1	33.65	6.9	168.716	0.149	6.750	0.241	0.205
1.0	6.2	16.82	5.0	55.168	0.195	5.167	0.369	0.297
1.5	3.1	11.28	2.8	67.637	0.098	10.333	0.275	0.248
2.0	1.7	8.41	1.6	4.173	0.059	17.000	0.202	0.190

Figure 6. Correlation between permeability, hydraulic efficiency and hydraulic loads

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