Figures & data
Figure 1. Oxycodone decreased the ischemic area and improved myocardial function in rat with myocardial I/R injury. (a) The myocardial ischemic area was identified through TTC staining. (b) Percentage of myocardial infarct volume. The levels of (c) LDH, (d) CK-MB and (e) cTnl in serum were evaluated with commercial kits. ***P < 0.001.
Figure 2. Oxycodone ameliorated myocardial histopathological injury and enhanced endothelial integrity in rat with myocardial I/R injury. (a) The myocardial histopathological changes were measured by H&E staining. The (b) protein and (c) mRNA expressions of ZO-1, Claudin-1 and Occludin in myocardial tissues were examined by western blot analysis and RT-qPCR, respectively. (d) Immunofluorescent staining was applied for the determination of ZO-1 expression. ***P < 0.001.
Figure 3. Oxycodone attenuated inflammatory response in myocardial tissues of rat with myocardial I/R injury. (a) The releases of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in rat serum were detected utilizing ELISA. The (b) mRNA and (c) protein expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were examined with RT-qPCR and western blotting. (d) Analysis of p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκB-α proteins was conducted using western blot assay. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
Figure 4. Oxycodone mitigated inflammatory response in myocardial tissues of rat with myocardial I/R injury. (a) Detection of Gr-1 expression was carried out through immunofluorescent staining. The (b) mRNA and (c) protein expressions of MCP-1 were assessed with RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
Figure 5. Oxycodone could target and upregulate SIGMAR1 expression in I/R-induced rat myocardial tissues and H/R-induced CMECs. (a) The molecular docking result between Oxycodone and SIGMAR1. The (b) mRNA and (c) protein expressions of SIGMAR1 in I/R-induced rat myocardial tissues were assessed using RT-qPCR and western blotting. The (d) mRNA and (e) protein expression levels of SIGMAR1 were detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting. (f) Cell viability was tested by a CCK-8 assay after CMECs being treated with different concentrations of Oxycodone. (g) SIGMAR1 expression was tested with the application of western blot analysis in H/R-induced CMECs with Oxycodone treatment. ***P < 0.001.
Figure 6. Oxycodone reduced apoptosis of H/R-induced CMECs by upregulating SIGMAR1 expression. The (a) mRNA and (b) protein expressions of SIGMAR1 were examined with the use of RT-qPCR and western blotting. (c) Assessment of cell viability employed CCK-8. (d-e) Cell apoptosis estimation was undertaken utilizing TUNEL. (f) Western blot analysis was adopted for the evaluation of apoptosis-related proteins. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
Figure 7. Oxycodone could enhance endothelial integrity of H/R-induced CMECs by upregulating SIGMAR1 expression. The (a) mRNA and (b) protein expression levels of ZO-1, Claudin-1 and Occludin were examined employing RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. (d) Immunofluorescent staining was applied for the identification of ZO-1 expression. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
