Application of tissue engineering techniques in tracheal repair: a bibliometric study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Common methods of tissue-engineered trachea preparation. (a) casting, (b) decellularization, (c) electrospinning, and (d) 3D bioprinting. Images were generated using the Medpeer software.

Figure 2. Literature search and screening process.

Figure 3. Annual publication volume analysis. (a, b) number of research publications per annum and growth trends for tissue-engineered trachea in general (a) and in the top 10 countries (b). The results were exported from the online analysis platform of literature metrology (http://bibliometric.com/). Blocks of different colors represent different countries.

Figure 4. Subject distribution map and a dual-map overlay. (a) articles published in top 10 journals. Blocks of different colors represent different journals. (b) the dual-map overlay of journals that published articles on tissue-engineering trachea. Each small dot represents a journal, and different colors represent different clusters (cluster keyword: subject). The left area of the image represents the journals in which papers were published, the right area represents the cited journals, and the paths of different colors represent citation relationships between journals [21]. There are four reference routes: two orange and two green paths.

Table 1. Top 10 journals in terms of the number of publications and co-citation frequency.

No.	Journal					Co-cited Journal
	Title	Papers	Rate%	IF (2021)	JCR	Title	Frequency	Centrality	IF (2021)	JCR
1	biomaterials	28	5.895	15.304	Q1	biomaterials	357	0.01	15.304	Q1
2	laryngoscope	18	3.789	2.970	Q1	Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery	302	0.00	6.439	Q1
3	Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine	15	3.158	4.323	Q2	Annals of thoracic surgery	276	0.02	5.102	Q1
4	Acta biomaterialia	13	2.737	10.633	Q1	lancet	258	0.01	202.731	Q1
5	Artificial organs	12	2.526	2.663	Q2	laryngoscope	238	0.01	2.970	Q1
6	Annals of otology rhinology and laryngology	11	2.316	1.973	Q2	Annals of otology rhinology and laryngology	202	0.03	1.973	Q2
7	Otolaryngology head and neck surgery	9	1.895	5.591	Q1	Tissue engineering part a	176	0.01	4.080	Q2
8	Tissue engineering part a	9	1.895	4.080	Q2	Journal of pediatric surgery	164	0.04	2.549	Q1
9	Journal of pediatric surgery	9	1.895	2.549	Q1	Acta biomaterialia	161	0.01	10.633	Q1
10	Annals of thoracic surgery	8	1.684	5.102	Q1	New England journal of medicine	156	0.01	176.079	Q1

Figure 5. Research results and visualization of collaboration between different authors, countries, and institutions. (a) a circle represents an author, different colors represent different clusters, and lines between them represent partnerships. (b) a circle represents an author, different colors represent different years of research, darker colors are closer to the present, and lines between them represent collaborations. (c) a circle represents a country, the size of the circle is proportional to the number of publications, and the lines between circles represent partnerships. (d) a circle represents an institution, the size of the circle is proportional to the number of publications, and the lines between them represent partnerships. The thickness of the lines represents the closeness of cooperation between countries and institutions [22,23].

Table 2. Top 10 authors in terms of the number of publications.

No.	Author	Country	Count	Rate%
1	Macchiarini, Paolo	Italy	24	5.053
2	Birchall, Martin A	UK	20	4.211
3	De Coppi, Paolo	UK	15	3.159
4	Omori, Koichi	Japan	13	2.737
5	Xu, Yong	China	12	2.526
6	Nakamura, Tatsuo	Japan	11	2.316
7	Butler, Colin R	UK	11	2.316
8	Zhou, Guangdong	China	10	2.105
9	Shi, Hongcan	China	10	2.105
10	Breuer, Christopher	USA	9	1.895

Figure 6. A padded map of the number of publications in different countries.

Figure 7. Visualization of keywords and emergent words. (a, b) a node represents a keyword, and the size of the node is proportional to the number of times the keyword was used. The line between two nodes indicates that the two nodes appeared in the same article. Different colors represent different keyword clusters (a) or different years in which the keyword was used (b). (c) the top 25 breakout words. The dark blue line represents the year of the first occurrence, and the red line represents the duration of the eruption.

Table 3. Top 10 most frequent keywords.

No.	Keywords	Frequency	Centrality
1	Stem cells	113	0.18
2	Scaffold	85	0.13
3	In vitro	70	0.24
4	Matrix	57	0.09
5	Cartilage	55	0.10
6	Regenerative medicine	50	0.08
7	Repair	34	0.08
8	Differentiation	33	0.07
9	Allotransplantation	26	0.09
10	Chondrocytes	26	0.07
11	Stenosis	23	0.03
12	Prosthesis	21	0.03
13	Resection	19	0.03
14	Bone marrow	19	0.10
15	Biomaterials	15	0.03
16	Decellularization	15	0.03
17	Child	15	0.01
18	Allografts	13	0.02
19	In vivo	13	0.03
20	3D printing	13	0.02

Figure 8. Cell biology of tissue-engineered trachea and tracheal scaffold construction. (a) schematic diagram of targeted differentiation of airway epithelial cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells and staining for immunomarkers indicating xenografted epithelium. Adapted with permission from [45], copyright 2021, Elsevier Ltd. (b) Microscopic immunohistochemical staining of neonatal chondrocytes and neovascularization from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Adapted with permission from [46], copyright 2018, MDPI. (c) a trachea-mimetic cellular construct of a clinically relevant size based on the advanced extruded 3D bio-printing technology. Adapted with permission from [47], copyright 2021, Elsevier Ltd. (d) bacteriostatic characterization of 3D bioprinted scaffolds constructed based on gelatin methacrylamide mixed with novel superparamagnetic oxidation nanoparticles. Adapted with permission from [48], copyright 2022, Elsevier Ltd.

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Data availability statement

The datasets for this study can be found in the [Web of Science] [https://www.webofscience.com/wos/alldb/basic-search].