Figures & data
Figure 3. Characterization of ZnO and ZnO-ME. (a) FT-IR of ZnO and ZnO-ME (before dye adsorption), (b) XRD of ZnO and ZnO-ME and (c) UV–VIS spectrum of ZnO and ZnO-ME.
![Figure 3. Characterization of ZnO and ZnO-ME. (a) FT-IR of ZnO and ZnO-ME (before dye adsorption), (b) XRD of ZnO and ZnO-ME and (c) UV–VIS spectrum of ZnO and ZnO-ME.](/cms/asset/f0530f24-87b5-4c36-b276-0ae0cc966dc9/kbie_a_2325721_f0003_oc.jpg)
Figure 4. (a,b) surface morphology analysis, (c,d) EDX spectrum and (e,f) nitrogen adsorption–desorption curve and pore size distribution for ZnO-ME and ZnO.
![Figure 4. (a,b) surface morphology analysis, (c,d) EDX spectrum and (e,f) nitrogen adsorption–desorption curve and pore size distribution for ZnO-ME and ZnO.](/cms/asset/4e1799f6-857d-43f7-8cd7-8a34f26b0735/kbie_a_2325721_f0004_oc.jpg)
Figure 5. Predicted against actual values plots for (a) for ZnO and (b) for ZnO-ME and normal percentage probability plots for (c) for ZnO and (d) for ZnO-ME for sulfur black dye adsorption.
![Figure 5. Predicted against actual values plots for (a) for ZnO and (b) for ZnO-ME and normal percentage probability plots for (c) for ZnO and (d) for ZnO-ME for sulfur black dye adsorption.](/cms/asset/8349a2bf-8a82-44f4-afff-ddab01b6367e/kbie_a_2325721_f0005_oc.jpg)
Table 1. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the adsorption of sulfur black dye using ZnO and ZnO-ME nanoparticles
Table 2. Model summary and statistical analysis.
Table 3. Comparison of adsorption percentage of zinc oxide nanoparticles for various dyes.
Table 4. Isotherm parameters for sulfur black dye adsorption on ZnO and ZnO-ME.
Figure 8. (a) FT-IR spectra of nanomaterials before and after adsorption; (b) potential adsorption mechanism.
![Figure 8. (a) FT-IR spectra of nanomaterials before and after adsorption; (b) potential adsorption mechanism.](/cms/asset/df2aff4e-87c9-461a-9c7b-86f43e765744/kbie_a_2325721_f0008_oc.jpg)
Supplementary Information-clean.docx
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The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials.