Urban spatial structure: an interaction between employment and built-up volumes

Figures & data

Figure 1. Study regions and core cities.

Source: Author.

Figure 2. Standardized densities.

Source: Author’s own calculations based on the georeferenced IEB and data on built-up volumes.

Table 1. global Moran’s I values.

	All employees	Employees in service sectors	Built-up volumes
Region of Cologne	0.4501	0.5074	0.4765
Region of Frankfurt	0.2981	0.3806	0.4149
Region of Munich	0.5828	0.6063	0.5999
Region of Stuttgart	0.2484	0.3282	0.2642

Note:

All values are significant at the 0.1% pseudo-significance level after 9999 permutations.

Source: Author’s calculations based on the georeferenced IEB and data on built-up volumes.

Table 2. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients.

	Built-up volumes
Region of Cologne
All employees	0.6475
Employees in service sectors	0.6337
Region of Frankfurt
All employees	0.6458
Employees in service sectors	0.6311
Region of Munich
All employees	0.6717
Employees in service sectors	0.6423
Region of Stuttgart
All employees	0.7061
Employees in service sectors	0.6825

Note:

All values are significant below the 1% significance level.

Source: Author’s calculations based on the georeferenced IEB and data on built-up volumes.

Figure 3. Cluster maps.

Source: Author’s own calculations based on the georeferenced IEB and data on built-up volumes.