‘Algorithmic nations’: seeing like a city-regional and techno-political conceptual assemblage

Figures & data

Figure 1. Seeing like a city-regional and techno-political conceptual assemblage: ‘algorithmic nations’.

Table 1. Mapping out transitions in the Basque Country (‘Euskal Hiria’): towards the ‘algorithmic nations’?

1. Domains in transition	2. Drivers of transition	3. Dynamics	4. Citizenships	Policy (Bratton, 2017; Opatowsky, 2017)
Seeing like a …				5. Framework	6. Functionalities (e-Estonia, 2016)
1a. City-region (influenced by techno-politics)	2a. Metropolitanization (Brenner, 2009; Fricke & Gualini, 2017; Katz & Bradley, 2013)	3a. Geoeconomics	4a. Metropolitan	5a. e-ID/e-Residence	6a1. Self-sovereign identity registered through a proof-of-authority model as an alternative to a nationalized identity 6a2. Citizens would benefit as smart citizens from the metropolitan assets and services provided
1b. Small stateless city-regionalized nation	2b. Devolution (Khanna, 2016)	3b. Geopolitics	4b. Liquid	5b. e-Tax	6b. Fiscal devolution: ubiquitous and transparent accountability
1c. Algorithmic nations?	2c. Right to decide (Cagiao y Conde & Ferraiuolo, 2016)	3c. Geodemocratics	4c. Stateless	5c. e-Referendum	6c. Direct democracy for holding decentralized referendums through the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)
	2d. Blockchain (Al-Saqaf & Seidler, 2017; Jun, 2018)	3d. Geotechnologics	4d. Algorithmic	5d. e-State	6d. e-Governance; e-Tax; X-road; Digital ID; i-Voting; public safety; blockchain; e-Health; e-Residency; cyber security; data embassy and para-diplomacy; intelligent transportation; Reporting 3.0; cross-border data exchange; Healthcare 4.0; digital transformation in education; real-time economy; and Industry 4.0

Figure 2. Techno-political Basque city-region or ‘Euskal Hiria’ map: three administrative divided entities: Basque Autonomous Community (BAC), Chartered Community of Navarra (CCN) and Northern French Basque Country (NFBC) (Calzada, 2015a).

Source: www.cityregions.org.

Figure 3. Metropolitanization trend in the techno-political Basque city-region or ‘Euskal Hiria’: evolution of the population, 2000–2017.

Sources: Social and Economic Observatory of the Basque Country (Gaindegia), Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) and Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE).

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