Migration propensity of peripheral youth: insights from Italy

Figures & data

Table 1. Summary statistics for the categories of migration propensity.

Migration propensity profiles	Observations	%
Necessity migrants	145	16.4
Necessity stayers	168	18.9
Opportunity stayers	468	52.7
Opportunity migrants	105	11.8
Total	886	100.0

Source: Authors’ own elaboration on collected survey data.

Table 2. Summary statistics of respondents’ individual characteristics by migration propensity profiles.

	Necessity migrants		Necessity stayers		Opportunity stayers		Opportunity migrants		Total
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Female	60	41.4	89	53.0	254	54.3	54	51.4	457	51.6
Age (18–29)	77	53.1	52	31.0	201	42.9	69	65.7	399	45.0
Married	30	20.7	62	36.9	198	42.3	25	23.8	315	35.6
With children	19	13.1	53	31.5	138	29.5	17	16.2	227	25.6
High-skilled (With tertiary education)	72	49.7	76	45.2	247	52.8	52	49.5	447	50.7
Employed	59	40.7	89	53.0	358	76.5	44	41.9	550	64.0
Having done work experience in some other Italian municipality	83	57.2	95	56.5	203	43.4	46	43.8	427	48.2
Having done work experience out of Italy	19	13.1	20	11.9	71	15.2	27	25.7	137	15.5
University migration	26	17.8	26	15.5	50	10.5	15	14.3	117	13.1
Openness to commute in the future	11	81.3	145	88.3	338	76.5	82	81.2	679	78.6
Multi-residence	31	21.4	31	18.4	73	15.6	32	30.5	167	18.7
Activist	83	41.4	105	62.5	188	54.3	44	43.1	420	48.3
EU opportunities participation	21	15.0	19	11.5	39	8.4	17	17.0	96	11.1

Source: Authors’ own elaboration on collected survey data.

Table 3. Summary statistics of migration propensity categories by geographical macro-area.

Macro area	Necessity migrants		Necessity stayers		Opportunity stayers		Opportunity migrants
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
North-west	13	11.6%	14	12.5%	70	62.5%	15	13.4%
North-east	32	20.6%	42	27.1%	67	43.2%	14	9.0%
Center	14	9.9%	27	19.0%	89	62.7%	12	8.5%
South	54	19.3%	54	19.3%	136	48.6%	36	12.9%
Islands	32	16.2%	31	15.7%	106	53.8%	28	14.2%
Total	145	16.4%	168	19.0%	468	52.8%	105	11.9%

Source: Authors’ own elaboration on collected survey data.

Table 4. Results of base and full multinomial logit (base category = opportunity stayers).

	Base model			Full model
	Necessity migrants	Necessity stayers	Opportunity migrants	Necessity migrants	Necessity stayers	Opportunity migrants
Female	0.705	1.114	0.915	0.742	1.333	0.994
Age (18–29)	1.073	0.526***	1.897**	0.921	0.467*	2.009*
Married	0.439***	0.502***	0.592	0.401**	0.471**	0.625
With children	0.792	1.706**	0.851	0.744	1.834*	0.822
High-skilled (With tertiary education)	0.86	0.739	0.932	0.597*	0.519**	0.849
Employed	0.229***	0.374***	0.214***	0.219***	0.351***	0.218***
Having done work experience in some other Italian municipality	1.609**	1.488**	1.099	1.239	1.048	0.870
Having done work experience out of Italy	1.207	0.942	2.591***	0.974	0.921	2.089*
University migration				1.945*	1.958*	1.244
Openness to commute in the future				1.731*	2.946***	1.251
Multi-residence				1.136	1.045	2.519**
Activist				1.434	2.272***	0.826
EU opportunities participation				1.952*	1.223	1.935
Macro area fixed effects (excluded: South)
North West	0.754	0.608	1.154	0.802	0.618	1.200
North East	0.895	1.484	0.716	0.756	1.308	0.827
Center	0.471**	0.823	0.548	0.542	1.068	0.596
Islands	0.851	0.785	1.025	0.879	0.650	1.024
Observations		856			814
Log-likelihood		−927.27168			−843.92817
Pseudo-R^2		0.0945			0.1304

Note: Coefficients are statistically significant at the *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 levels.