Habits and self-assessed quality of life, negative intrusive thoughts and depressed mood in patients with prostate cancer: a longitudinal study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Study flow diagram.

Table 1. Patient characteristics and demographics.

		Not missing/missing
Physical activity		3239/467
No or low	1189 (36.71)
Medium or high	2050 (63.29)
Not stated	467 (12.60)
Alcohol consumption		3298/408
Low	2871 (87.05)
High	427 (12.95)
Not stated	408 (11.00)
Smoking		3233/473
Former smoker or never smoked	2921 (90.35)
Current smoker	312 (9.65)
Not stated	473 (12.76)
Age (years)	63 (37;79)	3706/–
BMI (kg/m^2)		3186/520
Stated	25.98 (18.19–54.31)
Not stated	520 (14.03)
Surgical method		3607/–
Robot	2764 (74.6)
Open	942 (25.4)
ASA score		3607/99
I	2306 (63.93)
II or higher	1301 (36.07)
Not stated	99 (2.67)
PSA (ng/ml)		3678/28
Stated	6.2 (0.09–176)
Not stated	28 (0.76)
Gleason score		3673/33
0–7	3449 (93.9)
>7	224 (6.1)
Not stated	33 (0.89)
Residence		3234/472
Urban	1422 (43.97)
Other	14 (0.43)
Rural or small town	1798 (55.6)
Not stated	472 (12.74)
Education		3236/470
No higher education	1948 (60.2)
Other	55 (1.7)
University	1233 (38.1)
Not stated	470 (12.68)
Marital status		3235/471
Living apart	223 (6.89)
Married/cohabiting	2731 (84.42)
No partner	281 (8.69)
Not stated	471 (12.71)
Cardiovascular disease		3120/586
Yes	1165 (37.34)
Not stated	586 (15.81)
Thrombosis		3226/480
Yes	50 (1.55)
Not stated	480 (12.95)
Neurological disease		3225/481
Yes	42 (1.3)
Not stated	481 (12.98)
Diabetes		3229/477
Yes	207 (6.41)
Not stated	477 (12.87)
Pulmonary disease		3225/481
Yes	82 (2.54)
Not stated	481 (12.98)

Data are shown as n (%) or median (min–max).

BMI: body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Figure 2. Risk (%) of impairment^a with 95% confidence intervals preoperatively and 3, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. ^aLow/moderate quality of life, intrusive thoughts at least once a week and depressed mood, respectively.

Figure 3. Risk (%) of impairment^a with 95% confidence intervals preoperatively and 3, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. ^aLow/moderate quality of life, intrusive thoughts at least once a week and depressed mood, respectively.

Table 2. Change in risk (95% confidence interval) of impairment^a from preoperatively to 3, 12 and 24 months postoperatively.

	Change in risk (95% CI)
Physical activity	Medium or high	No or low	Medium or high vs no or low
Self-assessed quality of life^b
3 months	9.35 (3.68; 15.01)	8.09 (2.16; 14.01)	1.26 (−6.93; 9.45)
12 months	−2.97 (−9.11; 3.17)	−2.16 (−8.42; 4.1)	−0.81 (−9.58; 7.96)
24 months	−5.82 (−12.17; 0.52)	1.07 (−4.74; 6.87)	−6.89 (−15.49; 1.71)
Negative intrusive thoughts^c
3 months	−16.93 (−22.79; −11.08)	−11.81 (−17.73; −5.89)	−5.12 (−13.45; 3.2)
12 months	−17.3 (−24.18; −10.42)	−19.54 (−24.98; −14.11)	2.24 (−6.52; 11.01)
24 months	−20.39 (−27.22; −13.57)	−22.64 (−27.43; −17.85)	2.24 (−6.09;10.58)
Depressed mood^d
3 months	−0.24 (−1.9; 1.42)	−1.28 (−3.75; 1.18)	1.04 (−1.93; 4.02)
12 months	0.31 (−1.41; 2.03)	−0.97 (−3.58; 1.63)	1.29 (−1.84; 4.41)
24 months	0.1 (−1.67; 1.87)	−1.73 (−4.37; 0.92)	1.83 (−1.35; 5.01)
Alcohol consumption	Low	High	Low vs high
Self-assessed quality of life^b
3 months	5.27 (1.08; 9.46)	12.16 (5.12; 19.2)	−6.89 (−15.08; 1.3)
12 months	−3.46 (−7.61; 0.68)	−1.67 (−9.4; 6.06)	−1.79 (−10.56; 6.98)
24 months	−0.92 (−4.96; 3.12)	−3.84 (−11.43; 3.76)	2.91 (−5.69; 11.51)
Negative intrusive thoughts^c
3 months	−15.58 (−19.24; −11.93)	−13.16 (−20.64; −5.68)	−2.42 (−10.75; 5.9)
12 months	−17.86 (−21.73; −13.99)	−18.98 (−26.85; −11.12)	1.13 (−7.64; 9.89)
24 months	−18.85 (−22.7; −15.0)	−24.18 (−31.58; −16.79)	5.34 (−3.0; 13.67)
Depressed mood^d
3 months	0.26 (−0.73; 1.25)	−1.78 (−4.58; 1.02)	2.04 (−0.93; 5.01)
12 months	−0.15 (−1.15; 0.85)	−0.51 (−3.47; 2.45)	0.36 (−2.76; 3.48)
24 months	0.18 (−0.8; 1.17)	−1.81 (−4.84; 1.21)	1.99 (−1.19; 5.17)
Smoking	Former smoker or never smoked	Current smoker	Former or never vs current smoker
Self-assessed quality of life^b
3 months	5.88 (2.55; 9.2)	11.56 (4.07; 19.04)	−5.68 (−13.87; 2.51)
12 months	−4.55 (−8.08; −1.02)	−0.58 (−8.61; 7.45)	−3.97 (−12.74; 4.8)
24 months	−4.35 (−7.92; −0.78)	−0.41 (−8.24; 7.42)	−3.94 (−12.54; 4.66)
Negative intrusive thoughts^c
3 months	−16.99 (−20.26; −13.71)	−11.76 (−19.41; −4.1)	−5.23 (−13.55; 3.1)
12 months	−20.11 (−23.42; −16.79)	−16.73 (−24.85; −8.62)	−3.37 (−12.14; 5.39)
24 months	−24.15 (−27.33; −20.97)	−18.88 (−26.59; −11.17)	−5.27 (−13.61; 3.06)
Depressed mood^d
3 months	0.32 (−0.57; 1.21)	1.1 (−1.66; 3.86)	−0.78 (−3.68; 2.12)
12 months	−0.19 (−1.07; 0.69)	1.34 (−1.48; 4.17)	−1.53 (−4.49; 1.43)
24 months	0.14 (−0.78; 1.06)	0.74 (−1.99; 3.48)	−0.6 (−3.49; 2.28)

^a Low/moderate quality of life, intrusive thoughts at least once a week and depressed mood, respectively.

^b Dichotomized with a cut-off point between 4 (0–4: Low/moderate) and 5 (5–6: Good/very good).

^c Dichotomized with a cut-off point between 2 (Less than once per week) and 3 (At least once per week).

^d Yes or No.