Outpatient photodynamic-guided diagnosis of carcinoma in situ with flexible cystoscopy: an alternative to conventional inpatient photodynamic-guided bladder biopsies in the operating theatre?

Figures & data

Table 1. Diagnosis of high-grade Ta/T1 or carcinoma in situ (CIS) lesions versus low-grade or normal findings based on histological examination of biopsies from the outpatient department and operating theatre after BCG treatment (results of urine cytology not included).

	Operating theatre
Outpatient department		Normal/low grade (n)	High grade, CIS (n)	Total
	Normal/low grade (n)	18	2	20
	High grade, CIS (n)	4	7	11 (11/13, 85%)
	Total	22	9 (9/13, 69%)	31

Table 2. Diagnosis of high-grade Ta/T1 or carcinoma in situ (CIS) lesions versus low-grade lesions or normal findings based on histological examination of biopsies and of urine cytology from the outpatient department and operating theatre after BCG treatment.

	Operating theatre
Outpatient department		Normal/low grade (n)	High grade, CIS (n)	Total
	Normal/low grade (n)	18	1	19
	High grade, CIS (n)	0	12	12 (12/13, 92%)
	Total	18	13 (13/13, 100%)	31

Table 3. Characteristics of biopsies obtained through flexible cystoscopy in the outpatient department (OPD) and through rigid endoscopes in the operating theatre (OT).

	OPD	OT
No. of biopsies per patient, mean (range)	3.9 (2–6)	4.5 (3–7)
Maximal size (mm)	2 × 2 × 2	7 × 2 × 2
Depth of biopsy
Lamina propria, superficial part	22 (18.5)	23 (17)
Lamina propria, deep part	76 (63)	88 (63)
Detrusor muscle	22 (18.5)	28 (20)
Total	120 (100)	139 (100)
Quality of biopsies for histopathological evaluation
Suitable for diagnosis	109 (90)	136 (97)
Less suitable for diagnosis	11 (9)	3 (2)
Not suitable for diagnosis	1 (1)^a	2 (1)^a
Total	121	141

Data are shown as n (%) unless otherwise indicated.

^a No urothelium, ulcus.