Increased risk for renal cell carcinoma in end stage renal disease – a population-based case-control study

Figures & data

Table 1. Patient characteristics and time in ESRD.

	RCC (n = 9,416)		Controls (n = 94,159)		Test of difference between ESRD groups for RCC and controls p
	No ESRD (n = 9,299)	ESRD (n = 117)	No ESRD (n = 93,895)	ESRD (n = 264)
Gender
Male	5,715 (61.5%)	77 (65.8%)	57,713 (61.5%)	207 (78.4%)	0.009^a
Female	3,585 (38.5%)	40 (34.2%)	36,182 (38.5%)	57 (21.6%)
Age, years (median, interquartile range)	68 (60–75)	65 (55–73)	68 (60–75)	70 (63–76)	<0.001^b
Onset of ESRD, years before RCC-diagnosis (median, interquartile range)		8.5 (0.3–16.1)		1.6 (0.2–7.3)^c	<0.001^b

^a Pearsons chi-squared test.

^b Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

^c For the controls the date of diagnosis of their corresponding RCC case was used.

Table 2. RCC patient and tumor characteristics.

	RCC		Test of difference between groups
	RCC-only (n = 9,299)	ESRD-RCC (n = 117)	p
Age (median, interquartile range)	68 (60–75)	65 (55–73)	<0.001^b
T-stage			0.027^c
T1a	2,799 (30.1%)	46 (39.3%)
T1b	2,139 (23.0%)	30 (25.6%)
T2	1,604 (17.2%)	14 (12.0%)
T3-T4	2,512 (27.0%)	21 (18.0%)
TX^a	245 (2.6%)	6 (5.1%)
Tumor diameter, mm (median, interquartile range)	60 (35–87)	45 (30–70)	<0.001^b
M-stage
M0	7,528 (81.0%)	102 (87.2%)	0.088^c
M1	1,771 (19.0%)	15 (12.8%)
Histopathology			<0.001^d
Clear cell RCC	6,913 (78.3%)	62 (53.0%)
Papillary RCC	1,035 (11.1%)	32 (29.6%)
Chromophobe RCC	444 (4.8%)	9 (7.7%)
Collecting duct carcinoma	36 (0.5%)	1 (0.9%)
Other	159 (1.7%)	5 (4.3%)
Unknown^a	712 (7.7%)	7 (6.0%)

^a Not included in test.

^b Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

^c Pearsons chi-squared test.

^d Fisher’s exact test.

Figure 1. Survival in RCC patients and controls with and without ESRD. (a) Overall survival and (b) Relative survival in RCC patients and controls with and without ESRD.

Table 3. Uni- and multivariable Cox-regression, 5-year overall mortality, for RCC patients.

Variables	No. of patients, n	Univariable Cox		Multivariable Cox
		HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p
Gender
Male	5,792	1.0		1.0
Female	3,624	0.95 (0.89–1.02)	0.19	0.93 (0.86–1.00)	0.063
Age (continuous, per 10 years)	9,416	1.51 (1.46–1.56)*	<0.001	1.42 (1.36–1.47)*	<0.001
T-stage
T1a	2,845	1.0*		1.0
T1b	2,169	1.94 (1.72–2.19)	<0.001	1.65 (1.44–1.88)	<0.001
T2	1,604	2.91 (2.58–3.28)	<0.001	2.38 (2.08–2.72)	<0.001
T3	2,202	4.56 (4.09–5.08)	<0.001	3.06 (2.70–3.47)	<0.001
T4	310	15.1 (13.0–17.6)	<0.001	6.16 (5.13–7.40)	<0.001
M-stage
M0/MX	7,630	1.0*		1.0*
M1	1,786	7.43 (6.93–7.97)	<0.001	4.73 (4.34–5.15)	<0.001
Histopathology
Clear cell RCC	6,975	1.0*		1.0*
Papillary RCC	1,068	0.81 (0.71.0.91)	0.001	1.08 (0.95–1.22)	0.24
Chromophobe RCC	453	0.46 (0.37–0.58)	<0.001	0.69 (0.55–0.88)	0.002
Collecting duct carcinoma	37	6.40 (4.54–9.04)	<0.001	4.85 (3.43–6.85)	<0.001
Other	164	2.53 (2.06–3.11)	<0.001	2.21 (1.77–2.74)	<0.001
ESRD before RCC
No	9,299	1.0		1.0
Yes	117	1.50 (1.16–1.95)	0.002	2.44 (1.84–3.26)	<0.001

* The proportional hazards assumption was not fulfilled.