HIV Tat-mediated induction of autophagy regulates the disruption of ZO-1 in brain endothelial cells

Figures & data

Figure 1. Tat-mediated induction of autophagy in HBMECs.

Figure 2. Tat-mediated induction of autophagosome formation and autophagic flux in HBMECs.

Figure 3. Effect of 3-MA, WM and ATG5 siRNA on Tat-mediated induction of autophagy in HBMECs.

Figure 4. Role of autophagy in the Tat-mediated downregulation of tight junction protein and increased paracellular permeability in HBMECs.

Figure 5. Tat-mediated induction of PELI1/K63-linked ubiquitination of BECN1/Beclin-1.

Figure 6. Role of PELI1/K63-linked ubiquitination of BECN1/Beclin-1 in Tat-mediated induction of autophagy and increased paracellular permeability of HBMECs.

Figure 7. Induction of autophagy and disruption of tight junction proteins in the brains of Tg26 mice and HIV-E subjects.

Figure 8. Schematic of Tat-mediated induction of the BBB disruption via autophagy.

Table 1. Brain tissue donor characteristics.

	Age (years)	Gender	Donor program	Brain region	Pathology
HIV-Negative Control Patients
	42	Male	From pathology	Cortex	Hypertensive and severe conronary artery disease. Old infarct revealed-right temporal area.
	66	Male	From pathology	Cortex	Massive pulmonary consolidation secondary to diffuse alveolar damage (ARDS). Cryptogenic cirrhosis complicated with portal hn, upper GI bleed due to ulcers, hepatic encephalopathy, corpulmonate, chronic renal failure.
	55	Male	From pathology	Cortex	Sudden Cardiac death in a setting of moderate-severe coronary artery disease
HIV- E Patients
	38	Male	Gift of hope	Cortex	Brain: HIV Encephalopathy/Leukoencephalopathy. No evidence of toxoplasma infection or progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. AIDS
	36	Male	Gift of hope	Cortex	Brain: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Encephalitis. Endstage AIDS Mild dementia, opportunistic infections.
	34	Male	Gift of hope	Cortex	Brain: Encephalitis with microglial nodules suggestive of CMV infection. AIDS