Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles conjugated Clausena dentata plant leaf extract and their insecticidal potential against mosquito vectors

Figures & data

Figure 1. UV-visible absorbance spectrum of SeNPs. (A) Visible color change it indicates that synthesized selnium nanoparticle in aqueous plant extract. (B) SeNPs producing an peak at 420 nm.

Figure 2. FT-IR spectrums of SeNPs synthesized from plant extract.

Figure 3. Energy-dispersive spectroscope of prepared selenium nanoparticles.

Table 1. The element analysis of the SeNPs was performed using EDX. The EDX spectrum prepared by bioreduction methods.

Element	Weight %	Atomic %
C K	23.89	63.63
O K	3.47	6.94
Se L	72.64	29.43
Total	100.00

Figure 4. SEM micrograph of selenium nanoparticles synthesized by aqueous extracts of Clausena dentata.

Table 2. LC₅₀, LC₉₀, and chi-square analysis of selenium synthesized nanoparticle from Clausena dentata leaf extract against larvicidal activity of major three mosquito vectors.

Species	Sample	n^a	LC50 LCL-UCL (95% confidence limit), mg/L	LC90 LCL-UCL (95% confidence limit), mg/L	χ^2	df
Anopheles stephensi	SeNPs	375	240.714 (235.18–241.61)	367.006 (361.182–370.012)	0.579	3
	Aqueous	375	313.116 (309.28–316.82)	417.820 (414.162–421.82)	0.703	3
Aedes aegypti	SeNPs	375	104.13 (99.811–106.161)	158.13 (151.032–160.82)	0.426	3
	Aqueous	375	296.73 (291.11–298.12)	450.08 (441.18–453.16)	0.499	3
Culex quinquefasciatus	SeNPs	375	99.602 (95.116–103.82)	153.59 (148.26–159.12)	0.453	3
	Aqueous	375	293.126 (289.72–298.11)	451.754 (443.16–455.16)	0.597	3

LC₅₀: lethal concentration 50% mortality; LC₉₀: lethal concentration 90% mortality; LCL: lower confidence limits; UCL: upper confidence limits; χ²: chi square; df: degrees of freedom.