Cardioprotective effects of curcumin-loaded magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite (nanocurcumin) against doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in rat cardiomyocyte cell lines

Figures & data

Table 1. Forward and reverse primer specific for ANP, BNP, β-MHC, and GAPDH genes, which were used in this study.

Gene name	Forward primer	Reverse primer
ANP	ATACAGTGCGGTGTCCAACA	AGCCCTCAGTTTGCTTTTCA
BNP	AACCTGTCCAAGTTCCGCAAGGTG	GAGCTGGGTAGCACAAGAGCTACT
β-MHC	TTGGGCAGAAGATAGACCGGAT	GGTCTTCCTAAAACAACCTCA
GAPDH (as endogenous control)	TTGCCATCAACGACCCCTTC	TTGTCATGGATGACCTTGGC

Table 2. The PCR program for ANP, BNP, β-MHC, and GAPDH.

Step	Temperature (°C)	Time	Number of cycles
Holding	95	5min	1
Denaturation	95	15s	–
Annealing	60	15s	40
Extension	72	30s	–
Melting	70–95	–	1

Figure 1. The synthesized NIPAAM-MAA copolymers in (A) gel and (B) solid state, respectively.

Figure 2. FTIR spectrum of (A) NIPAAM-MAA nanogel, and (B) NIPAAM-MAA drug-loaded magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite.

Figure 3. NMR spectrum of NIPAAM-MAA nanogel.

Figure 4. SEM image of (A) Fe₃O₄ (B) NIPAAM-MAA drug-loaded magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite, and (C) NIPAAM-MAA-Fe₃O₄ nanogel.

Figure 5. Microscopic images of DAPI-stained H9c2 cells following a 72 h exposure by (A) free curcumin and (B) curcumin-NIPAAM-MAA nanoparticles. The figures indicated that free curcumin and curcumin-NIPAAM-MAA nanoparticles did not show significant chromatin degradation in H9c2 cells.

Figure 6. Level of ANP, BNP, and β-MHC mRNA expression in cells treated with pure curcumin and curcumin-loaded nanocomposites. (A and B) The relative ANP mRNA expression, (C and D) the relative β-MHC mRNA expression, and (E and F) the relative BNP mRNA expression.

Table 3. Effect of curcumin-loaded magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite on oxidative stress parameters; MDA concentration, SOD, and GPX, activities.

Group	MDA (nM/g tissue)	SOD (U/g tissue)	GPx (U/g tissue)
Control	96.70 ± 1.66	39.43 ± 3.23	8.76 ± 0.87
Treatment	31.25 ± 1.95	80.89 ± 4.52	19.99 ± 1.66